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Table 2 Macro and micronutrients intakes /1000 kcal, overall and by gender, 20–49 y. in Greater Tunis

From: Gender inequalities in diet quality and their socioeconomic patterning in a nutrition transition context in the Middle East and North Africa: a cross-sectional study in Tunisia

 

All

(n = 2545)

Women

(n = 1651)

Men

(n = 894)

Women vs. Men

 

Meana

SEMb

Meana

SEMb

Meana

SEMb

Diff.c

95% CId

Pe

Energy

 Energy intake (kcal)

2578.6

15.1

2300.4

12.6

2858.8

32.28

− 558.4

− 607.2, − 509.5

<0.0001

 Energy intake (kJ)

10,789.0

63.2

9624.9

52.6

11,961.1

97.4

− 2336.2

− 2540.6, − 2131.7

<0.0001

 Energy intake as % of requirements

104.1%

0.5

105.5%

0.5

102.6%

0.7

+2.9%

1.3, 4.5

0.001

Macronutrients (/1000 kcal)

 Protein (g)

34.0

0.2

33.7

0.1

34.2

0.2

−0.4

− 0.9, 0.1

0.10

 Carbohydrate (g)

140.5

0.5

140.8

0.6

140.0

0.6

+ 0.8

−0.5, 2.1

0.22

 Free sugar (g)

31.3

0.4

31.9

0.5

30.8

0.7

+ 1.1

−0.4, 2.5

0.15

 Dietary fiber (g)

10.9

0.1

10.8

0.1

10.9

0.1

−0.1

−0.3, 0.1

0.36

 Total fat (g)

31.2

0.2

31.1

0.2

31.3

0.2

−0.2

−0.6, 0.3

0.56

 Saturated fat (g)

7.50

0.1

7.6

0.1

7.4

0.1

+ 0.2

−0.1, 0.4

0.15

 Monounsaturated fat (g)

12.0

0.1

12.1

0.1

11.9

0.1

+ 0.2

−0.1, 0.4

0.12

 Polyunsaturated fat (g)

8.9

0.1

8.7

0.1

9.0

0.1

−0.3

−0.5, − 0.1

0.0009

 Omega-3 fat (mg)

260.8

4.4

248.8

5.3

272.8

6.4

−24.0

−39.6, −8.4

0.0029

 Omega-6 fat (mg)

2653.6

34.2

2654.5

41.1

2652.7

49.6

+ 1.8

− 118.3, 121.9

0.98

Micronutrients (/1000 kcal)

 Cholesterol (mg)

84.8

1.6

82.5

1.8

87.3

2.0

−4.8

−9.0, −0.6

0.026

 Calcium (mg)

276.1

2.6

288.0

2.9

264.2

3.5

+ 23.8

16.6, 31.0

<0.0001

 Iodine (mg)

82.1

1.3

81.9

2.1

82.3

1.2

−0.4

−4.6, 3.9

0.86

 Iron (mg)

7.4

0.1

7.3

0.1

7.4

0.1

−0.2

−0.3, − 0.1

0.012

 Magnesium (mg)

116.4

0.7

116.5

0.8

116.3

1.0

+ 0.2

−1.6, 2.0

0.79

 Sodium (mg)

1498.2

11.7

1496.5

17.8

1499.8

13.7

−3.3

−45.9, 39.4

0.88

 Phosphorus (mg)

470.7

3.2

479.1

2.0

462.3

5.6

+ 16.8

6.9, 26.8

0.0012

 Potassium (mg)

1032.5

7.0

1044.7

7.5

1020.3

9.9

+ 24.4

3.1, 45.8

0.025

 Vitamin C (mg)

141.9

2.0

129.2

2.0

154.8

3.5

−25.6

−33.4, −17.8

<0.0001

 Zinc (mg)

3.8

0.1

3.7

0.1

3.8

0.1

− 0.1

−0.1, 0.1

0.38

  1. aWeighted mean (accounting for unequal probabilities of selection and differential response rates)
  2. bSEM: standard error of the mean taking into account sampling design
  3. cWomen vs. Men difference of means (unadjusted)
  4. d95% confidence interval taking into account sampling design
  5. eP value for Women vs. Men difference