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Table 4 Relative importance of predictors of energy intake (kcal/meal); sensitivity analysis adjusting for energy misreportinga,b

From: Meal analysis for understanding eating behavior: meal- and participant-specific predictors for the variance in energy and macronutrient intake

Covariatesc

Breakfast

Lunch

Afternoon snack

Dinner

Beta-weight (95%CI)d

Correlation (95%CI)

Pratt Index (95%CI)

Beta-weight (95%CI)

Correlation (95%CI)

Pratt Index (95%CI)

Beta-weight (95%CI)

Correlation (95%CI)

Pratt Index (95%CI)

Beta-weight (95%CI)

Correlation (95%CI)

Pratt Index (95%CI)

Intake-level covariates

 Week/weekend day (y/n)

0.11 (0.06;0.17)

0.12 (0.07;0.18)

27%e (9;49)

0.04 (− 0.01;0.08)

0.05 (0.00;0.10)

6% (0;25)

0.10 (0.05;0.15)

0.13 (0.08;0.18)

11% (3;23)

−0.04 (− 0.09;0.01)

−0.03 (− 0.07;0.02)

3% (0;17)

Season (winter/ summer)

−0.04 (− 0.086;0.01)

−0.04 (− 0.09;0.01)

3% (0;17)

0.01 (− 0.04;0.06)

0.00 (− 0.05;0.05)

0% (0;10)

0.04 (− 0.01;0.08)

0.03 (− 0.02;0.08)

1% (0;5)

0.04 (− 0.01;0.09)

0.04 (− 0.01;0.09)

5% (0;19)

Special day (y/n)

0.01 (− 0.06;0.07)

0.05 (− 0.01;0.11)

1% (− 2;14)

0.04 (− 0.01;0.09)

0.05 (− 0.00;0.10)

7% (0;29)

0.05 (− 0.00;0.10)

0.10 (0.04;0.15)

5% (0;12)

0.06 (0.01;0.11)

0.08 (0.04;0.13)

15% (1;36)

Prior interval (hours)

− 0.02 (− 0.08;0.04)

−0.01 (− 0.08;0.05)

1% (0;14)

0.06 (0.01;0.10)

0.07 (0.03;0.11)

14% (1;41)

0.17 (0.12;0.21)

0.21 (0.15;0.25)

29% (16;43)

0.07 (0.03;0.12)

0.09 (0.04;0.13)

20% (3;40)

Place of meal (ref: home)

 work

−0.14 (−0.27;-0.02)

−0.15 (− 0.28;-0.02)

41% (1;72)

−0.14 (− 0.22;-0.06)

−0.151 (− 0.225;-0.073)

75% (23;90)

−0.21 (− 0.28;-0.14)

−0.26 (− 0.32;-0.19)

45% (24;61)

−0.08 (− 0.17;-0.01)

−0.09 (− 0.17;− 0.01)

21% (0;55)

 restaurant

0.10 (0.06;0.15)

0.11 (0.07;0.16)

24% (6;50)

-0.01 (−0.06;0.05)

0.03 (−0.03;0.08)

0% (− 1;14)

0.02 (− 0.04;0.07)

0.04 (− 0.02;0.09)

1% (0;6)

0.10 (0.06;0.15)

0.12 (0.07;0.16)

36% (12;57)

 other

0.04 (−0.00;0.09)

0.04 (−0.00;0.09)

4% (0;017)

−0.02 (− 0.07;0.04)

0.01 (− 0.04;0.06)

0% (− 1;12)

0.08 (0.03;0.13)

0.13 (0.08;0.18)

9% (2;20)

− 0.01 (− 0.08;0.06)

0.00 (− 0.07;0.07)

0% (0;17)

R-squared (95%CI)

0.05 (0.03;0.11)

0.03 (0.01;0.06)

0.12 (0.09;0.16)

0.03 (0.02;0.06)

Participant-level covariates

BMI (kg/m2)

0.00 (− 0.10;0.10)

− 0.03 (− 0.13;0.07)

0% (− 1;5)

0.08 (− 0.06;0.23)

−0.01 (− 0.14;0.12)

0% (− 1;6)

0.09 (− 0.04;0.22)

−0.04 (− 0.17;0.09)

0% (− 2;8)

0.18 (0.07;0.29)

0.09 (− 0.02;0.20)

4% (0;12)

Age (years)

0.08 (− 0.05;0.21)

0.21 (0.12;0.29)

7% (− 3;19)

0.02 (− 0.19;0.19)

0.26 (0.10;0.40)

1% (− 6;16)

− 0.10 (− 0.28;0.09)

0.02 (− 0.11;0.16)

0% (− 6;10)

− 0.22 (− 0.36;-0.07)

−0.05 (− 0.15;0.06)

2% (− 2;10)

Sex (M/W)

− 0.31 (− 0.41;-0.22)

−0.35 (− 0.43;-0.28)

44% (23;59)

−0.38 (− 0.57;-0.23)

−0.38 (− 0.56;-0.25)

35% (14;51)

−0.23 (− 0.36;-0.11)

−0.23 (− 0.35;-0.12)

23% (5;39)

−0.41 (− 0.50;-0.33)

−0.48 (− 0.57;-0.40)

48% (32;59)

Education level (ref. current/no training)

 technical college

−0.01 (− 0.10;0.08)

−0.07 (− 0.15;0.020)

0% (− 1;6)

−0.03 (− 0.16;0.11)

−0.05 (− 0.20;0.09)

0% (− 1;5)

0.08 (− 0.06;0.21)

−0.01 (− 0.14;0.11)

0% (− 2;8)

0.03 (− 0.07;0.14)

−0.10 (− 0.20;-0.00)

0% (− 2;3)

 university

− 0.01 (− 0.11;0.08)

0.06 (− 0.03;0.14)

0% (− 1;4)

− 0.08 (− 0.23;0.06)

−0.02 (− 0.15;0.13)

0% (− 1;6)

0.04 (− 0.10;0.18)

0.08 (− 0.05;0.20)

1% (− 1;11)

0.08 (− 0.04;0.19)

0.15 (0.05;0.26)

3% (− 1;11)

Occupation (ref. no job/ retired)f

 full time

0.05 (− 0.11;0.20)

− 0.05 (− 0.15;0.06)

0% (− 3;6)

−0.033 (− 0.233;0.177)

−0.166 (− 0.359;0.013)

1% (− 3;14)

0.05 (− 0.16;0.26)

0.02 (− 0.14;0.17)

1% (− 2;13)

−0.00 (− 0.15;0.14)

0.07 (− 0.04;0.18)

0% (− 2;4)

 part time/hourly

−0.08 (− 0.19;0.04)

−0.17 (− 0.28;-0.05)

5% (− 1;17)

0.017 (− 0.15;0.175)

−0.061 (− 0.225;0.095)

0% (−1;7)

0.03 (− 0.08;0.15)

−0.00 (− 0.12;0.10)

0% (− 1;6)

0.05 (− 0.05;0.15)

0.02 (− 0.09;0.12)

0% (0;4)

Physical activity (h/week)

0.05 (− 0.03;0.13)

0.05 (− 0.03;0.12)

1% (0;6)

0.145 (0.013;0.280)

0.162 (0.041;0.290)

6% (0;14)

0.02 (− 0.09;0.12)

− 0.01 (− 0.12;0.10)

0% (0;5)

0.05 (− 0.04;0.13)

−0.04 (− 0.13;0.06)

0% (−1;2)

Smoking status (ref. never smoker)

 current smoker

0.27 (0.06;0.45)

0.04 (−0.05;0.13)

4% (−4;17)

0.186 (−0.064;0.449)

0.076 (− 0.057;0.202)

3% (−1;15)

0.18 (− 0.03;0.40)

0.12 (0.00;0.24)

9% (−1;29)

0.03 (− 0.17;0.23)

−0.17 (− 0.27;-0.07)

0% (− 7;9)

 former smoker

0.20 (0.01;0.40)

0.06 (− 0.03;0.15)

5% (− 1;18)

0.067 (− 0.187;0.351)

−0.014 (− 0.143;0.130)

0% (− 2;7)

0.02 (− 0.21;0.24)

−0.08 (− 0.20;0.04)

0% (−6;12)

0.09 (− 0.10;0.28)

0.18 (0.07;0.28)

4% (− 3;15)

Energy misreporting

 EI/TEE < 0.81

−0.15 (− 0.25;-0.07)

−0.26 (− 0.35;-0.18)

16% (5;31)

−0.372 (− 0.539;-0.227)

−0.462 (− 0.603;-0.343)

41% (18;58)

−0.37 (− 0.52;-0.25)

−0.38 (− 0.53;-0.26)

61% (30;74)

−0.30 (− 0.42;-0.19)

−0.31 (− 0.41;-0.21)

23% (10;35)

 EI/TEE > 1.19

0.18 (0.11;0.25)

0.27 (0.20;0.33)

19% (8;30)

0.159 (0.058;0.278)

0.311 (0.212;0.440)

12% (3;22)

0.10 (−0.03;0.23)

0.19 (0.05;0.32)

8% (−1;24)

0.24 (0.16;0.31)

0.31 (0.23;0.38)

18% (9;27)

R-squared (95%CI)

0.25 (0.20;0.36)

0.42 (0.31;0.78)

0.23 (0.16;0.44)

0.41 (0.34;0.56)

  1. an = 682 participants with activity sensor data
  2. bPratt Index, in % contribution to the variance explained by the model (R2). Might not add up to 100% due to rounding errors from parameter estimates
  3. cfor dichotomous variables, the information shown is for the underlined category (reference category not underlined)
  4. dall 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) – for beta-weights, correlations, r-squared, and Pratt Index – are bootstrap confidence intervals based on 1000 samples
  5. ebold numbers indicate covariates accounting for > 10% of the explained variance
  6. ffull time: > 35 h/week; part time/hourly: < 35 h/week
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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