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Table 2 Daily nutrient intake of children 6 to 23 months old, recommended daily requirements and percent below daily requirements, assuming average breastmilk intake and reference weights

From: Current and potential role of grain legumes on protein and micronutrient adequacy of the diet of rural Ghanaian infants and young children: using linear programming

 

6-8 BF

9-11 BF

12-23 BF

12-23 NBF

n=97

n=97

n=114

n=29

Median intake [25th, 75th percentile], recommended daily requirementsa, % below daily requirementsb

Energy (kcal)

601

[525, 721]

614

53, 28 c

717

[587, 887]

695

49, 24 c

897

[725, 1168]

886

47, 22 c

983

[773, 1284]

886

38, 24c

Fat (g)

28

[27, 31]

20.5

0

29

[27, 36]

23.2

0

33

[28, 40]

29.5

31

22

[13, 29]

29.5

76

Protein (g)

11

[10, 15]

9.1

14

14

[11, 20]

10.3

12

21

[15, 28]

11.1

11

27

[20, 35]

11.1

0

 Histidine (mg)

308

[260, 383]

182

0

369

[300, 520]

196

0

545

[388, 727]

199

1

695

[551, 918]

199

0

1 Isoleucine (mg)

442

[442, 442]

291

0

413

[412, 414]

324

0

369

[368, 370]

343

0

3

[2, 5]

343

100

 Leucine (mg)

1296

[1069, 1606]

601

0

1467

[1243, 2020]

664

0

2182

[1630, 2875]

697

0

2669

[1921, 3461]

697

0

 Lysine (mg)

690

[628, 791]

519

0

762

[659, 947]

561

1

991

[787, 1227]

575

5

991

[693, 1302]

575

17

 SAA (mg)

441

[379, 551]

255

0

522

[414, 714]

278

0

756

[572, 1010]

288

1

992

[653, 1311]

288

0

 AAA (mg)

673

[673, 673]

473

0

628

[628, 629]

504

0

561

[561, 562]

509

0

3

[2, 5]

509

100

 Threonine (mg)

518

[460, 627]

282

0

590

[500, 785]

298

0

827

[631, 1049]

299

0

923

[697, 1265]

299

0

 Tryptophan (mg)

180

[192, 227]

77

0

212

[185, 258]

82

0

257

[212, 313]

82

0

226

[154, 302]

82

0

 Valine (mg)

680

[579, 861]

391

0

782

[650, 1094]

437

0

1174

[891, 1520]

465

2

1377

[1063, 1950]

465

0

Calcium (mg)

202

[193, 239]

400

n/a

208

[187, 258]

400

n/a

227

[199, 280]

500

95

158

[95, 305]

500

86

Folate (μg DFE)

65

[61, 75]

80

51

72

[63, 91]

80

35

92

[75, 119]

150

76

81

[59, 139]

150

66

Iron (mg)

2

[1, 3]

18.6

91

3

[2, 5]

18.6

91

5

[3, 8]

11.6

17

9

[7, 13]

0

66

Niacin (mg)

1.9

[1.6, 3.1]

4

n/a

2.7

[1.9, 4.0]

4

n/a

4.9

[3.2, 6.8]

6

47

6.8

[4.7, 10.3]

6

21

Riboflavin (mg)

0.3

[0.3, 0.4]

0.4

n/a

0.3

[0.3, 0.4]

0.4

n/a

0.4

[0.3, 0.6]

0.5

41

0.5

[0.3, 0.7]

0.5

38

Thiamine (mg)

0.3

[0.3, 0.4]

0.3

n/a

0.4

[0.3, 0.5]

0.3

n/a

0.6

[0.4, 0.9]

0.5

18

0.9

[0.7, 1.1]

0.5

0

Vitamin A (μg RAE)

331

[331, 344]

400

n/a

322

[309, 354]

400

n/a

300

[287, 335]

400

24

60

[28, 142]

400

86

Vitamin B6 (mg)

0.2

[0.2, 0.4]

0.3

n/a

0.3

[0.2, 0.5]

0.3

n/a

0.6

[0.4, 0.9]

0.5

25

1.0

[0.7, 1.4]

0.5

3

Vitamin B12 (μg)

0.7

[0.7, 0.7]

0.7

n/a

0.6

[0.6, 0.7]

0.7

n/a

0.6

[0.6, 0.6]

0.9

84

0.1

[0.0, 0.3]

0.9

86

Vitamin C (mg)

27

[27, 30]

30

n/a

28

[25, 32]

30

n/a

28

[25, 32]

30

23

12

[5, 18]

30

90

Zinc (mg)

1.6

[1.3, 2.2]

5

91

2.1

[1.6, 3.0]

5

91

3.2

[2.3, 4.5]

3

13

4.4

[3.3, 6.7]

0

0

  1. 6-8 BF = breastfed children of 6-8 months, 9-11 BF = breastfed children of 9-11 months, 12-23 BF = breastfed children of 12-23 months, 12-23 NBF = non-breastfed children of 12-23 months
  2. SAA = sulphur-containing amino acids (methionine and cystine); AAA = aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine). Bold values = percentages higher than 45
  3. aRecommended daily requirements (used in Optifood analyses): for energy based on average reference body weight for age group and algorithm for estimating energy requirements (Kcal/kg) (FAO, 2004); for fat based on the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (ADMR) of 30% of daily energy requirements (FAO, 2010); for protein based on average reference body weight for age group and algorithm for estimating protein requirement (g/kg) using safe intakes (FAO, 2007); for essential amino acids based on daily total protein requirements and algorithms for each essential amino acid requirements (mg/g protein) using safe intakes (WHO, 2007); for micronutrients RNIs from FAO/WHO (2004)
  4. bPercent below daily requirements: for energy and macronutrients requirements used as described above; for micronutrients based on EARs calculated from RNIs (FAO/WHO 2004), using conversion factors (Allen, et al., 2006) except for zinc based on EAR from iZiNCG (2004) assuming unrefined cereal-based diets and for iron based on RNI from FAO/WHO (2004) assuming 5% bioavailability, except for calcium, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and Vitamin C for children 6 to 11 months for whom EARs are not available (see Additional files 1 and 2 for overview of exact values used)
  5. cPercent of children below daily requirements based on actual weight