Table 4 Prevalence of growth restriction (weight-for-height z-score < −2 standard deviations) according to feeding practices of infants with microcephaly aged 12–23 months attending IFF/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June–December 2017
From: Infants with microcephaly due to ZIKA virus exposure: nutritional status and food practices
Growth Restriction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables and Categories | n | (%) | N (%) | |
yes | no | |||
Consumption of iron-rich foodsa | ||||
No | 8 | 12.3 | 4 (50) | 4 (50) |
Yes | 57 | 87.7 | 41 (73.2) | 15 (26.8) |
Consumption of vitamin A-rich foodsb | ||||
No | 23 | 37 | 7 (30.4) | 16 (69.6) |
Yes | 39 | 63 | 11 (28.2) | 28 (71.8) |
Minimum dietary diversityc | ||||
No | 47 | 72.3 | 16 (34) | 31 (66) |
Yes | 18 | 27.7 | 3 (17.6) | 14 (82.4) |
Continuous breastfeeding | ||||
No | 53 | 81.5 | 16 (30.8) | 36 (69.2) |
Yes | 12 | 18.5 | 3 (25) | 9 (75) |
Consumption of ultra-processed foodsd | ||||
No | 31 | 47.7 | 7 (23.3) | 23 (76.7) |
Yes | 34 | 52.3 | 12 (35.3) | 22 (64.7) |
Number of daily meals | ||||
< 6 | 25 | 38.5 | 7 (28) | 18 (72) |
≥ 6 | 40 | 61.5 | 12 (30.8) | 27 (69.2) |
Number of meals with fruits | ||||
< 2 | 45 | 69.2 | 15 (33.3) | 30 (66.7) |
≥ 2 | 20 | 30.8 | 4 (21.1) | 15 (78.9) |
Number of salty meals | ||||
< 2 | 14 | 21.5 | 4 (28.6) | 10 (71.4) |
≥ 2 | 51 | 78.5 | 15 (30) | 35 (70) |
Number of dairy meals | ||||
≤ 2 | 16 | 24.6 | 3 (18.8) | 13 (81.2) |
> 2 | 49 | 75.4 | 16 (33.3) | 32 (66.7) |
Number of farinaceous meals | ||||
≥ 2 | 47 | 72 | 17 (37) | 29 (63) |
< 2 | 18 | 28 | 2 (11.1) | 16 (88.9) |
Food administration route | ||||
Oral | 60 | 92.3 | 18 (30.5) | 41 (69.5) |
Gastrostomy | 5 | 7.7 | 1 (20) | 4 (80) |
Report of choking | ||||
No | 34 | 52.3 | 9 (26.5) | 25 (73.5) |
Yes | 31 | 47.7 | 10 (33.3) | 20 (66.7) |
Report of reflux | ||||
No | 50 | 77 | 12 (24.5) | 37 (75.5) |
Yes | 15 | 23 | 7 (46.7) | 8 (53.3) |
Adequate energy intakee | ||||
Inadequate | 19 | 32 | 8 (42.1) | 11 (57.9) |
Adequate or excessive | 41 | 68 | 11 (26.8) | 30 (73.2) |
Adequate protein intakef | ||||
Adequate | 55 | 91.7 | 18 (32.7) | 37 (67.3) |
Excessive | 5 | 8.3 | 1 (20) | 4 (80) |
Adequate lipid intakef | ||||
Deficient | 29 | 48.3 | 8 (27.6) | 21 (72.4) |
Adequate | 27 | 45 | 10 (37) | 17 (63) |
Excessive | 4 | 6.7 | 1 (25) | 3 (75) |
Adequate carbohydrate intakef | ||||
Deficient | 7 | 11.7 | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) |
Adequate | 46 | 76.6 | 16 (34.8) | 30 (65.2) |
Excessive | 7 | 11.7 | 1 (14.3) | 6 (85.7) |