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Table 2 Odds ratio (95% CI) from multivariable logistic regression by dairy food type

From: Dairy intake revisited – associations between dairy intake and lifestyle related cardio-metabolic risk factors in a high milk consuming population

 

Sex

Crude modela

Adjusted modelb

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

BMI

 Dairy products

W

0.87 (0.82, 0.92)< 0.001

0.83 (0.78, 0.88)< 0.001

0.75 (0.71,0.80)< 0.001

0.70 (0.66, 0.74)< 0.001

0.89 (0.82, 0.95)0.001

0.0.85 (0.79, 0.92)< 0.001

0.71 (0.66, 0.77)< 0.001

0.66 (0.61, 0.72)< 0.001

M

0.87 (0.82, 0.93)< 0.001

0.80 (0.75, 0.85)< 0.001

0.71 (0.67, 0.76)< 0.001

0.71 (0.67, 0.75)< 0.001

0.87 (0.81, 0.94)< 0.001

0.0.82 (0.76, 0,89)< 0.001

0.73 (0.67, 0.79)< 0.001

0.72 (0.66, 0.79)< 0.001

 Non-fermented milk

W

1.06 (1.00, 1.13)0..044

1.03 (0.97,1.09)

1.05 (0.99, 1.12)

1.15 (1.08, 1.21)< 0.001

1.14 (1.06, 1.23)0.001

1.06 (0.98, 1.14)

1.20 (1.11, 1.30)< 0.001

1.25 (1.15,1.35)< 0.001

M

1.08 (1.01, 1.14)0.019

1.01 (0.95, 1.07)

0.98 (0.92, 1.04)

1.07 (1.01, 1.14)0.028

1.11 (1.03, 1.20)0.006

1.06 (0.98, 1.14)

1.11 (1.03, 1.19)0.008

1.20 (1.11,1.30)< 0.001

 Fermented milk

W

1.05 (0.99, 1.12)

0.98 (0.92, 1.04)

0.91 (0.85, 0.96)< 0.001

0.91 (0.86, 0.97)0.002

1.09 (1.02, 1.18)0.017

1.08 (1.00, 1.17)0,043

1.03 (0.96, 1.11)

0.98 (0.91, 1.06)

M

1.04 (0.98, 1.10)

0.98 (0.92, 1.04)

0.87 (0.82, 0.93)< 0.001

0.78 (0.73, 0.83)< 0.001

1.04 (0.96, 1.12)

1.07 (0.99, 1.15)

0.96 (0.89, 1.04)

0.92 (0.85, 0.99)0.035

 Cheese

W

1.00 (0.95, 1.06)

0.84 (0.79, 0.88)< 0.001

0.81 (0.76, 0.86)< 0.001

0.69 (0.65, 0.73)< 0.001

1.04 (0.97, 1.11)

0.88 (0.82, 0.95)0.001

0.88 (0.82, 0.95)0.001

0.71 (0.65, 0.77)< 0.001

M

1.03 (0.97, 1.09)

0.94 (0.89, 1.00)0.059

0.83 (0.78, 0.88)< 0.001

0.80 (0.75, 0.85)< 0.001

1.03 (0.96, 1.11)

0.93 (0.86, 1,00)

0.87 (0.80, 0.94)< 0.001

0.90 (0.83, 0.98)0.013

 Butter

W

0.88 (0.83, 0.93)< 0.001

0.91 (0.86, 0.97) 0.002

0.82 (0.78, 0.87)< 0.001

0.68 (0.64, 0.72)< 0.001

0.82 (0.76, 0.89)< 0.001

0.84 (0.78, 0.90)< 0.001

0.75 (0.70, 0.81)< 0.001

0.60 (0.57, 0.65)< 0.001

M

1.06 (1.00, 1.13)0.060

0.99 (0.93, 1.05)

0.78 (0.73, 0.82)< 0.001

0.80 (0.75, 0.85)< 0.001

1.03 (0.93, 1.08)

0.85 (0.79, 0.92)< 0.001

0.71 (0.65, 0.77)< 0.001

0.72 (0.67, 0.78)< 0.001

S-Cholesterol

 Dairy products

W

0.99 (0.93, 1.05)

1.04 (0.98, 1.11)

1.07 (1.00, 1.13) 0.045

1.12 (1.05, 1.19)< 0.001

1.05 (0.97, 1.14)

1.10 (1.02, 1.19)0.020

1.11 (1.03, 1.21)0.011

1.20 (1.09, 1.31)< 0.001

M

1.02 (0.96, 1.09)

1.06 (0.99, 1.13)

1.11 (1.04, 1.18)0.001

1.07 (1.01, 1.14)0.032

1.06 (0.98, 1.14)

1.11 (1.03, 1.20)0.007

1.16 (1.06, 1.25)0.001

1.22 (1.11, 1.34)< 0.001

 Non-fermented milk

W

0.99 (0.93, 1.06)

1.01 (0.95, 1.07)

0.95 (0.89, 1.01)

1.01 (0.95, 1.07)

1.02 (0.94, 1.10)

1.00 (0.93, 1.08)

0.98 (0.90, 1.07)

1.00 (0.92, 1.09)

M

1.03 (0.97, 1.10)

1.06 (0.99, 1.12)

1.02 (0.96, 1.09)

1.05 (0.98, 1.11)

1.04 (0.97, 1.12)

1.09 (1.01, 1.18)0.029

1.10 (1.02, 1.19)0.012

1.05 (0.96, 1.14)

 Fermented milk

W

1.01 (0.95, 1.08)

1.01 (0.95, 1.08)

0.92 (0.86, 0.98)0.006

0.86 (0.81, 0.91)< 0.001

1.02 (0.95, 1.11)

1.07 (0.99, 1.16)

0.99 (0.92, 1.08)

0.96 (0.88, 1.04)

M

1.07 (1.01, 1.14) 0.030

1.00 (0.94, 1.06)

0.92 (0.87, 0.98)0.015

0.81 (0.76, 0.86)< 0.001

1.12 (1.04, 1.21)0.004

1.05 (0.97, 1.13)

1.03 (0.95, 1.12)

0.95 (0.88, 1.03)

 Cheese

W

1.00 (0.94, 1.06)

1.05 (0.98, 1.11)

1.11 (1.05, 1.19)0.001

1.10 (1.03, 1.17)0.004

1.01 (0.94, 1.09)

1.04 (0.96, 1.12)

1.09 (1.00, 1.18)0.044

1.02 (0.94, 1.12)

M

1.11 (1.04, 1.18)< 0.001

1.07 (1.00, 1.14)0.042

1.04 (0.98, 1.11)

1.04 (0.98, 1.11)

1.11 (1.03, 1.19)0.008

1.05 (0.97, 1.13)

1.02 (0.94, 1.10)

1.01 (0.93, 1.09)

 Butter

W

1.03 (0.97, 1.09)

1.07 (1.01, 1.14)0.024

1.16 (1.09, 1.23)< 0.001

1.21 (1.14, 1.29)< 0.001

1.09 (1.00, 1.18)0.047

1.14 (1.05, 1.23)0.001

1.20 (1.11, 1.30)< 0.001

1.31 (1.21, 1.43)< 0.001

M

0.99 (0.93, 1.06)

1.13 (1.06, 1.20)< 0.001

1.20 (1.13, 1.27)< 0.001

1.15 (1.08, 1.23)< 0.001

1.05 (0.97, 1.13)

1.18 (1.10, 1.28)< 0.001

1.23 (1.14, 1.34)< 0.001

1.27 (1.17, 1.38)< 0.001

S-Triglycerides

 Dairy products

W

1.01 (0.92, 1.10)

0.95 (0.87, 1.04)

0.93 (0.85, 1.02)

0.93 (0.85, 1.02)

1.07 (0.96, 1.20)

0.96 (0.85, 1.08)

0.85 (0.75, 0.97)0.013

0.92 (0.79, 1.06)

M

0.96 (0.90, 1.03)

0.94 (0.88, 1.01)

0.89 (0.83, 0.95)0.001

0.86 (0.81, 0.93)< 0.001

1.04 (0.96, 1.14)

1.05 (0.96, 1.15)

0.99 (0.90, 1.09)

0.99 (0.89, 1.10)

 Non-fermented milk

W

1.00 (0.91, 1.10)

1.03 (0.94, 1.13)

1.02 (0.92, 1.12)

1.19 (1.09, 1.30)< 0.001

1.06 (0.94, 1.19)

0.98 (0.87, 1.11)

1.00 (0.87, 1.14)

1.06 (0.94, 1.20)

M

1.04 (0.97, 1.11)

0.96 (0.89, 1.03)

1.00 (0.93, 1.07)

1.08 (1.00, 1.16) 0.039

1.05 (0.96, 1.14)

1.04 (0.95, 1.14)

1.09 (1.00, 1.19)

1.11 (1.00, 1.22)

 Fermented milk

W

0.91 (0.84, 1.00)0.041

0.88 (0.81, 0.96)0.005

0.77 (0.71, 0.85)< 0.001

0.85 (0.78, 0.92)< 0.001

0.97 (0.86, 1.09)

1.01 (0.90, 1.14)

0.87 (0.77, 0.99)0.031

0.97 (0.85, 1.09)

M

0.99 (0.93, 1.06)

0.92 (0.86, 0.99)0.028

0.84 (0.78, 0.90)< 0.001

0.72 (0.67, 0.77)< 0.001

1.04 (0.95, 1.13)

1.04 (0.95, 1.14)

1.03 (0.94, 1.13)

0.95 (0.86, 1.04)

 Cheese

W

0.88 (0.81, 0.96)0.003

0.86 (0.79, 0.94)0.001

0.85 (0.78, 0.93)< 0.001

0.81 (0.75, 0.89)< 0.001

0.85 (0.76, 0.95)0.003

0.91 (0.81, 1.02)

0.87 (0.77, 0.98)0.026

0.77 (0.67, 0.89)< 0.001

M

1.01 (0.94, 1.08)

0.96 (0.90, 1.04)

0.85 (0.79, 0.91)< 0.001

0.87 (0.81, 0.94)< 0.001

1.04 (0.96, 1.14)

1.00 (0.92, 1.09)

0.93 (0.85, 1.02)

0.93 (0.85, 1.03)

 Butter

W

0.84 (0.77, 0.92)< 0.001

0.82 (0.76, 0.90)< 0.001

0.83 (0.76, 0.91)< 0.001

0.80 (0.73, 0.87)< 0.001

0.88 (0.78, 0.99)0.031

0.88 (0.78, 0.98)0.025

0.86 (0.76, 0.97)0.012

0.81 (0.71, 0.92)0.001

M

0.93 (0.86, 1.00) 0.038

0.98 (0.91, 1.05)

0.90 (0.84, 0.97)0.005

0.85 (0.79, 0.92)< 0.001

0.95 (0.87, 1.03)

1.00 (0.92, 1.09)

0.92 (0.84, 1.01)

0.89 (0.81, 0.98)0.017

  1. Abbreviations: W women, M men
  2. Odds ratio (95% CI) are from multivariable logistic regression for being classified with an undesirable level of BMI, cholesterol or triglycerides and increasing quintile groups (Q1 to Q5) for intake of dairy products. Q1, lowest intake, is the reference category. Statistically significant p-values are in superscript
  3. aThe crude models included age and dairy type
  4. bThe adjusted models also included screening year, education, BMI, physical activity, smoking, intakes of fruits and vegetables, alcohol and non-alcohol energy. The models with overweight did not include BMI, and models including S-cholesterol or S-triglyceride were also adjusted for if the analyses were performed before or after the change of analyses methods