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Table 2 Differences between children’s dietary intakes measured via DSQ and ASA24-Kids, Healthy Communities Study, USA, 2013–2015

From: Comparison of the NHANES dietary screener questionnaire to the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Recall for Children in the Healthy Communities Study

 

DSQ

ASA24-Kids

Mean difference between dietary intakes as measured by DSQ and ASA24-Kids

Food Group/ Nutrient

Mean ± SD

Median

Mean ± SD

Median

Mean Differencea

Percent Changeb

Paired t-test test statistic

P-value

1. Total added sugars (tsp/day)

All (n = 649)

19.0 ± 7.4

17.2

12.2 ± 8.3

10.7

− 6.8

− 55.7%

− 17.8

< 0.01

Sex and age

Male (n = 321)

20.1 ± 7.8

18.2

13.0 ± 8.7

11.3

− 7.1

− 54.6%

− 12.3

< 0.01

 4-8y (n = 136)

18.3 ± 5.0

17.1

11.0 ± 6.7

9.4

− 7.2

− 66.4%

− 11.0

< 0.01

 9-11y (n = 98)

19.6 ± 8.3

17.6

13.8 ± 8.1

13.3

− 5.7

− 42.0%

− 5.0

< 0.01

 12-15y (n = 87)

23.5 ± 9.7

20.8

15.2 ± 11.3

12.8

− 8.3

− 54.6%

− 6.3

< 0.01

Female (n = 328)

17.9 ± 6.8

16.3

11.3 ± 7.8

10.3

− 6.6

− 58.4%

− 12.8

< 0.01

 4-8y (n = 131)

16.0 ± 3.9

15.1

10.6 ± 6.3

10.0

− 5.5

− 50.9%

− 9.2

< 0.01

 9-11y (n = 112)

18.2 ± 5.2

17.2

12.8 ± 9.1

10.9

− 5.5

− 42.2%

− 5.6

< 0.01

 12-15y (n = 85)

20.3 ± 10.4

17.5

10.6 ± 7.9

9.8

−9.7

− 91.5%

−8.6

< 0.01

BMI categoryc

 Normal weight (n = 363)

18.9 ± 7.6

17.1

12.0 ± 8.1

10.6

− 6.9

− 57.5%

− 13.5

< 0.01

 Overweight (n = 104)

18.5 ± 5.9

17.2

12.0 ± 8.8

10.9

− 6.5

− 54.2%

− 6.8

< 0.01

 Obese (n = 177)

19.4 ± 7.8

17.5

12.7 ± 8.7

10.9

− 6.7

− 52.8%

− 9.0

< 0.01

Race

 White (n = 357)

18.3 ± 6.1

17.0

12.8 ± 8.3

11.1

−5.5

− 43.0%

− 11.8

< 0.01

 African American (n = 135)

22.9 ± 11.1

19.8

12.8 ± 9.2

11.0

−10.1

−78.9%

− 8.7

< 0.01

 Other (n = 66)

17.1 ± 4.2

16.3

11.5 ± 6.7

10.7

−5.6

− 48.7%

− 6.3

< 0.01

Ethnicity

 Hispanic (n = 262)

18.4 ± 5.8

17.2

11.1 ± 7.5

10.2

−7.4

− 65.8%

−15.1

< 0.01

 Non-Hispanic (n = 371)

19.2 ± 7.9

17.1

13.0 ± 8.8

11.1

−6.2

− 47.7%

−11.3

< 0.01

2. Added sugars from sugar sweetened beverages (tsp/day)

All (n = 652)

7.1 ± 4.8

5.6

4.9 ± 5.4

3.6

− 2.1

− 44.9%

− 9.7

< 0.01

Sex and age

Male (n = 321)

7.4 ± 3.8

6.3

5.4 ± 5.9

4.0

−1.9

− 37.0%

−6.9

< 0.01

 4-8y (n = 136)

6.1 ± 2.7

5.2

4.0 ± 3.6

3.4

− 2.1

−52.5%

−6.5

< 0.01

 9-11y (n = 98)

6.6 ± 3.2

5.6

5.6 ± 5.6

3.8

−1.0

− 17.9%

− 2.1

0.04

 12-15y (n = 87)

10.3 ± 4.4

8.8

7.5 ± 8.2

5.6

− 2.8

− 37.3%

− 3.9

< 0.01

Female (n = 331)

6.8 ± 5.5

4.9

4.4 ± 4.9

3.2

−2.3

−54.5%

−6.9

< 0.01

 4-8y (n = 132)

5.3 ± 2.7

4.3

3.8 ± 3.7

2.8

−1.5

− 39.5%

−4.5

< 0.01

 9-11y (n = 112)

6.0 ± 2.9

4.7

5.1 ± 5.3

4.0

− 0.8

−17.6%

− 1.6

0.11

 12-15y (n = 87)

10.0 ± 8.9

6.8

4.5 ± 5.8

3.2

−5.5

− 122.2%

−6.2

< 0.01

BMI categoryc

 Normal weight (n = 365)

6.8 ± 4.4

5.4

4.8 ± 5.6

3.3

− 2.1

−41.7%

−6.7

< 0.01

 Overweight (n = 104)

7.0 ± 3.7

5.8

4.4 ± 4.5

3.6

− 2.5

− 59.1%

− 5.5

< 0.01

 Obese (n = 178)

7.7 ± 5.9

5.8

5.7 ± 5.6

4.5

− 2.1

− 35.1%

− 4.8

< 0.01

Race

 White (n = 358)

6.6 ± 4.2

5.4

5.0 ± 5.6

3.5

− 1.6

− 32.0%

− 5.7

< 0.01

 African American (n = 136)

9.3 ± 6.6

7.4

5.4 ± 5.3

4.3

− 3.9

− 72.2%

− 6.2

< 0.01

 Other (n = 67)

6.5 ± 3.8

5.3

4.7 ± 4.3

4.7

− 1.8

− 38.3%

− 2.9

< 0.01

Ethnicity

 Hispanic (n = 262)

6.7 ± 4.2

5.7

4.7 ± 5.1

3.6

−2.0

− 42.6%

− 6.4

< 0.01

 Non-Hispanic (n = 374)

7.2 ± 4.6

5.5

5.2 ± 5.7

3.7

− 2.1

− 38.5%

− 7.2

< 0.01

3. Fruits and vegetables (cup equivalents/day)

All (n = 647)

2.5 ± 0.9

2.3

2.1 ± 1.4

1.9

− 0.4

− 19.0%

− 7.2

< 0.01

Sex and age

Male (n = 321)

2.7 ± 1.0

2.4

2.1 ± 1.4

1.8

− 0.6

−28.6%

− 7.6

< 0.01

 4-8y (n = 136)

2.5 ± 0.8

2.4

2.0 ± 1.3

1.9

− 0.5

−25.0%

−4.0

< 0.01

 9-11y (n = 98)

2.7 ± 1.0

2.4

2.2 ± 1.6

1.7

− 0.5

− 22.7%

− 3.2

< 0.01

 12-15y (n = 87)

3.0 ± 1.1

2.7

2.0 ± 1.4

1.8

− 1.0

− 50.0%

−6.4

< 0.01

Female (n = 326)

2.3 ± 0.7

2.2

2.1 ± 1.3

1.9

− 0.2

− 9.5%

− 2.4

0.02

 4-8y (n = 130)

2.4 ± 0.7

2.3

2.1 ± 1.3

1.8

− 0.3

− 14.3%

−2.6

0.01

 9-11y (n = 111)

2.3 ± 0.6

2.2

2.2 ± 1.2

2.2

− 0.1

−4.5%

− 0.9

0.36

 12-15y (n = 85)

2.2 ± 0.7

2.0

2.1 ± 1.6

1.8

− 0.1

−4.8%

− 0.6

0.55

BMI categoryc

 Normal weight (n = 363)

2.6 ± 0.9

2.3

2.1 ± 1.4

1.9

− 0.4

− 23.8%

− 5.8

< 0.01

 Overweight (n = 104)

2.5 ± 0.8

2.3

2.0 ± 1.3

1.8

− 0.5

− 25.0%

− 3.5

< 0.01

 Obese (n = 175)

2.4 ± 0.8

2.2

2.0 ± 1.3

1.8

− 0.3

− 20.0%

− 3.1

< 0.01

Race

 White (n = 355)

2.6 ± 0.9

2.4

2.1 ± 1.3

1.9

− 0.5

− 23.8%

− 6.5

< 0.01

 African American (n = 134)

2.3 ± 0.7

2.1

1.9 ± 1.2

1.7

−0.4

− 21.1%

− 3.0

< 0.01

 Other (n = 67)

2.6 ± 0.9

2.3

2.1 ± 1.4

1.9

− 0.6

− 23.8%

− 3.3

< 0.01

Ethnicity

 Hispanic (n = 279)

2.5 ± 0.8

2.3

2.1 ± 1.4

1.9

−0.3

− 19.0%

− 3.5

< 0.01

 Non-Hispanic (n = 373)

2.5 ± 0.9

2.3

2.1 ± 1.3

1.8

− 0.5

−19.0%

− 6.5

< 0.01

4. Whole grains (oz equivalents/day)

All (n = 652)

0.7 ± 0.4

0.6

0.5 ± 0.7

0.3

−0.2

− 40.0%

− 7.1

< 0.01

Sex and age

Male (n = 322)

0.8 ± 0.5

0.7

0.5 ± 0.8

0.3

−0.2

− 60.0%

− 5.2

< 0.01

 4-8y (n = 136)

0.8 ± 0.4

0.7

0.5 ± 0.6

0.3

−0.2

−60.0%

− 4.3

< 0.01

 9-11y (n = 99)

0.8 ± 0.6

0.7

0.6 ± 1.0

0.3

−0.2

− 33.3%

− 2.0

0.05

 12-15y (n = 87)

0.7 ± 0.3

0.6

0.5 ± 0.7

0.2

−0.2

− 40.0%

− 3.3

< 0.01

Female (n = 330)

0.6 ± 0.4

0.5

0.4 ± 0.6

0.2

− 0.2

− 50.0%

− 4.9

< 0.01

 4-8y (n = 132)

0.6 ± 0.3

0.6

0.5 ± 0.7

0.3

−0.1

−20.0%

−1.2

0.22

 9-11y (n = 111)

0.7 ± 0.4

0.6

0.4 ± 0.4

0.2

−0.3

−75.0%

− 5.5

< 0.01

 12-15y (n = 87)

0.6 ± 0.5

0.5

0.4 ± 0.6

0.1

−0.2

−50.0%

−2.8

0.01

BMI categoryc

 Normal weight (n = 364)

0.7 ± 0.4

0.6

0.5 ± 0.7

0.3

−0.2

− 40.0%

− 5.4

< 0.01

 Overweight (n = 105)

0.7 ± 0.4

0.6

0.5 ± 0.6

0.3

− 0.2

− 40.0%

− 3.2

< 0.01

 Obese (n = 178)

0.7 ± 0.4

0.5

0.5 ± 0.7

0.2

− 0.2

− 40.0%

− 3.1

< 0.01

Race

 White (n = 358)

0.7 ± 0.4

0.6

0.5 ± 0.7

0.3

− 0.2

− 40.0%

−4.5

< 0.01

 African American (n = 135)

0.7 ± 0.5

0.6

0.4 ± 0.5

0.2

− 0.4

− 75.0%

− 6.5

< 0.01

 Other (n = 67)

0.7 ± 0.4

0.6

0.6 ± 0.6

0.3

−0.1

−16.7%

− 1.6

0.12

Ethnicity

 Hispanic (n = 264)

0.7 ± 0.4

0.6

0.5 ± 0.7

0.2

−0.2

−40.0%

−4.5

< 0.01

 Non-Hispanic (n = 372)

0.7 ± 0.4

0.6

0.5 ± 0.6

0.3

−0.2

−40.0%

− 5.2

< 0.01

5. Fiber (g/day)

All (n = 638)

15.4 ± 3.9

14.7

12.5 ± 6.5

11.4

−2.9

− 23.2%

− 10.6

< 0.01

Sex and age

Male (n = 318)

16.5 ± 4.4

16.0

12.8 ± 7.2

11.7

− 3.7

−28.9%

−8.6

< 0.01

 4-8y (n = 136)

15.4 ± 3.8

15.1

12.5 ± 6.5

12.0

−2.9

−23.2%

−4.8

< 0.01

 9-11y (n = 99)

16.2 ± 4.7

15.6

13.7 ± 7.5

11.7

−2.5

−18.2%

−3.1

< 0.01

 12-15y (n = 87)

18.7 ± 4.4

17.7

12.3 ± 7.8

10.7

−6.4

− 52.0%

−7.3

< 0.01

Female (n = 320)

14.2 ± 2.9

13.7

12.2 ± 5.8

11.3

−2.0

−16.4%

−6.4

< 0.01

 4-8y (n = 129)

14.4 ± 2.7

14.0

11.8 ± 5.2

11.3

−2.6

− 22.0%

− 5.7

< 0.01

 9-11y (n = 109)

14.0 ± 2.7

13.7

12.7 ± 5.8

11.3

−1.3

−10.2%

−2.5

0.02

 12-15y (n = 82)

14.1 ± 3.3

13.3

12.1 ± 6.7

11.3

−2.0

−16.5%

−2.9

0.01

BMI categoryc

 Normal weight (n = 359)

15.7 ± 4.2

15.0

12.8 ± 6.8

11.7

−2.9

− 22.7%

− 7.6

< 0.01

 Overweight (n = 103)

15.3 ± 3.8

14.8

11.8 ± 6.6

10.7

−3.6

− 29.7%

− 5.4

< 0.01

 Obese (n = 171)

14.6 ± 3.3

14.2

12.0 ± 5.8

11.2

− 2.6

− 21.7%

−5.4

< 0.01

Race

 White (n = 352)

15.7 ± 4.0

15.1

12.8 ± 6.6

11.5

− 2.8

− 22.7%

− 7.9

< 0.01

 African American (n = 131)

14.4 ± 3.9

13.4

11.3 ± 5.1

11.0

− 3.1

− 27.4%

− 5.7

< 0.01

 Other (n = 66)

15.4 ± 3.7

14.9

12.2 ± 6.9

11.6

− 3.2

− 26.2%

− 3.7

< 0.01

Ethnicity

 Hispanic (n = 255)

15.5 ± 4.0

15.0

12.6 ± 7.0

11.0

−2.8

− 23.0%

− 6.2

< 0.01

 Non-Hispanic (n = 368)

15.2 ± 3.9

14.5

12.4 ± 6.1

11.7

−2.9

− 22.6%

− 8.6

< 0.01

6. Dairy (cup equivalents/day)

All (n = 653)

2.5 ± 0.7

2.4

1.8 ± 1.2

1.6

−0.7

− 38.9%

− 14.6

< 0.01

Sex and age

Male (n = 323)

2.7 ± 0.7

2.7

2.0 ± 1.3

1.9

−0.7

− 35.0%

− 9.6

< 0.01

 4-8y (n = 136)

2.8 ± 0.6

2.7

2.0 ± 1.1

1.9

−0.8

−40.0%

− 8.6

< 0.01

 9-11y (n = 100)

2.8 ± 0.8

2.6

2.1 ± 1.3

2.1

−0.7

−33.3%

−4.6

< 0.01

 12-15y (n = 87)

2.5 ± 0.7

2.5

2.0 ± 1.4

1.7

−0.6

− 25.0%

−3.8

< 0.01

Female (n = 330)

2.2 ± 0.6

2.2

1.6 ± 1.1

1.4

−0.7

− 37.5%

−11.2

< 0.01

 4-8y (n = 131)

2.3 ± 0.5

2.2

1.7 ± 1.1

1.6

−0.6

− 35.3%

− 6.0

< 0.01

 9-11y (n = 113)

2.5 ± 0.7

2.3

1.7 ± 1.2

1.6

−0.8

− 47.1%

− 6.6

< 0.01

 12-15y (n = 86)

1.9 ± 0.5

1.8

1.2 ± 0.9

1.1

− 0.7

− 58.3%

− 7.2

< 0.01

BMI categoryc

 Normal weight (n = 364)

2.5 ± 0.7

2.4

1.8 ± 1.2

1.7

−0.7

−38.9%

− 11.3

< 0.01

 Overweight (n = 105)

2.4 ± 0.7

2.3

1.8 ± 1.2

1.6

−0.6

− 33.3%

−5.7

< 0.01

 Obese (n = 179)

2.5 ± 0.8

2.3

1.8 ± 1.2

1.6

−0.7

−38.9%

−7.9

< 0.01

Race

 White (n = 359)

2.5 ± 0.7

2.4

2.0 ± 1.2

1.9

−0.6

− 25.0%

− 8.7

< 0.01

 African American (n = 134)

2.4 ± 0.7

2.3

1.4 ± 1.1

1.3

−0.9

−71.4%

−8.9

< 0.01

 Other (n = 67)

2.5 ± 0.8

2.3

1.9 ± 1.3

1.8

−0.6

−31.6%

−4.5

< 0.01

Ethnicity

 Hispanic (n = 265)

2.5 ± 0.7

2.4

1.7 ± 1.2

1.6

−0.8

− 47.1%

− 10.2

< 0.01

 Non-Hispanic (n = 372)

2.5 ± 0.7

2.4

1.8 ± 1.2

1.7

−0.6

−38.9%

− 10.0

< 0.01

  1. a(ASA24-Kids – DSQ)
  2. b(ASA24-Kids – DSQ)/ASA24-Kids
  3. cBMI categories defined as follows: ‘normal weight’ was defined as having a BMI under the 85th percentile BMI for age and sex; 85th up to 95th percentile for ‘overweight’; and at or above 95th percentile for ‘obese’
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Nutrition Journal

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