Dietary patterns during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study in Western China

Table 5 Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to dietary pattern scores

Dietary patterns	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	p-trend
Plant-based pattern
GDM cases /pregnancies	63/446	64/446	72/445
Model 1^a	1.00	1.02 (0.70, 1.48)	1.17 (0.81, 1.69)	0.367
Model 2^b	1.00	0.95 (0.63, 1.43)	0.97 (0.65, 1.46)	0.919
Model 3^c	1.00	0.94 (0.62, 1.42)	0.97 (0.64, 1.47)	0.915
Meat-based pattern
GDM case/pregnancies	65/446	73/446	61/445
Model 1^a	1.00	1.15 (0.80, 1.65)	0.93 (0.64, 1.36)	0.628
Model 2^b	1.00	1.05 (0.70, 1.57)	0.82 (0.54, 1.25)	0.318
Model 3^c	1.00	1.08 (0.72, 1.62)	0.89 (0.58, 1.36)	0.534
High protein-low starch pattern
GDM case/pregnancies	77/446	60/446	62/445
Model 1^a	1.00	0.74 (0.52, 1.07)	0.78 (0.54, 1.12)	0.148
Model 2^b	1.00	0.83 (0.56, 1.23)	0.73 (0.49, 1.11)	0.137
Model 3^c	1.00	0.84 (0.56, 1.26)	0.73 (0.48, 1.10)	0.132

^aCrude model
^bAdjusted for age, pre-pregnancy body mass index and family history of diabetes
^cAdditionally adjusted for parity, education and total physical activity