Intake | Weight (kg) | Length (cm) | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At birth | At 6 months | Birth to 6 months | At birth | At 6 months | Birth to 6 months | |||||||||||||
n | β (SE)/lsmean ± SD | p | n | β (SE)/lsmean ± SD | p | n | β (SE)/lsmean ± SD | p | n | β (SE)/lsmean ± SD | p | n | β (SE)/lsmean ± SD | p | n | β (SE)/lsmean ± SD | p | |
Fruit and vegetables | ||||||||||||||||||
Continues | ||||||||||||||||||
Unadjusted | 1138 | 0.014 (0.017) | 0.4295 | 741 | −0.058 (0.058) | 0.3150 | 1138 | 0.013 (0.017) | 0.4609 | 1138 | 0.116 (0.101) | 0.2471 | 740 | 0.073 (0.162) | 0.6520 | 1138 | 0.120 (0.101) | 0.2329 |
Adjusteda | 816 | 0.031 (0.020) | 0.1182 | 559 | −0.056 (0.064) | 0.3848 | 639 | 0.054 (0.023) | 0.0184 | 816 | 0.172 (0.119) | 0.1479 | 558 | −0.043 (0.189) | 0.8214 | 639 | 0.170 (0.133) | 0.2032 |
Categoricala | ||||||||||||||||||
< median (519 g/d) | 3.22 ± 0.03 | 0.0024 | 10.09 ± 0.11 | 0.6718 | 3.23 ± 0.04 | 0.0077 | 50.44 ± 0.20 | 0.1620 | 76.82 ± 0.34 | 0.5126 | 50.78 ± 0.22 | 0.2993 | ||||||
≥ median (519 g/d) | 3.29 ± 0.03 | 10.12 ± 0.11 | 3.31 ± 0.04 | 50.65 ± 0.20 | 76.98 ± 0.32 | 50.95 ± 0.22 | ||||||||||||
Vitamin C | ||||||||||||||||||
Continues | ||||||||||||||||||
Unadjusted | 1138 | 0.015 (0.016) | 0.3537 | 741 | 0.018 (0.053) | 0.7344 | 1138 | 0.014 (0.016) | 0.3941 | 1138 | 0.197 (0.092) | 0.0333 | 740 | 0.231 (0.148) | 0.1182 | 1138 | 0.202 (0.092) | 0.0294 |
Adjustedb | 816 | 0.035 (0.019) | 0.0677 | 559 | 0.017 (0.060) | 0.7803 | 639 | 0.037 (0.021) | 0.0808 | 816 | 0.314 (0.113) | 0.0056 | 558 | 0.054 (0.178) | 0.7624 | 639 | 0.289 (0.125) | 0.0214 |
Categoricalb | ||||||||||||||||||
< EAR (85 mg/d) | 3.22 ± 0.04 | 0.0400 | 10.07 ± 0.12 | 0.4290 | 3.23 ± 0.04 | 0.0565 | 50.20 ± 0.21 | 0.0010 | 77.00 ± 0.36 | 0.7231 | 50.53 ± 0.24 | 0.0068 | ||||||
≥ EAR (85 mg/d) | 3.28 ± 0.03 | 10.14 ± 0.11 | 3.29 ± 0.04 | 50.74 ± 0.19 | 76.90 ± 0.31 | 51.02 ± 0.21 | ||||||||||||
ORs (95% CI) for low birth outcomes and low growth up to 6 months (<25th percentile) | ||||||||||||||||||
Fruit and vegetables | ||||||||||||||||||
< median (519 g/d) | 1.434 (1.001–2.056) | 0.0494 | 0.863 (0.627–1.186) | 0.3631 | 1.311 (0.939–1.829) | 0.1117 | 1.316 (0.933–1.857) | 0.1178 | 0.875 (0.636–1.204) | 0.4126 | 1.152 (0.845–1.570) | 0.3714 | ||||||
≥ median (519 g/d) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||||||||||||
Vitamin C | ||||||||||||||||||
< EAR (85 mg/d) | 1.470 (1.011–2.139) | 0.0439 | 0.910 (0.645–1.284) | 0.5916 | 1.520 (1.066–2.165) | 0.0206 | 1.579 (1.104–2.258) | 0.0124 | 1.182 (0.837–1.669) | 0.3416 | 1.262 (0.900–1.770) | 0.1773 | ||||||
≥ EAR (85 mg/d) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |