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Table 3 BMI z-score and risks of adverse growth outcomes at age 2–5 y in each weight gain class

From: Insights into infancy weight gain patterns for term small-for-gestational-age babies

Trajectories classes

BMI-for-age

Z-score

Overweight/obesity

Malnutrition

β (95CI %)

N (%)

OR (95CI %)

N (%)

OR (95CI %)

Class 1 Excessively rapid catch-up growth

 Unadjusted

1.1(1.0,1.2)§

174 (54.0)

10.6(8.1,13.9)§

6(1.9)

0.7(0.3,1.6)

 Adjusted

1.1(1.0,1.2)§

 

11.6(8.8,15.3)§

 

0.7(0.3,1.6)

Class 2 rapid catch-up growth

 Unadjusted

0.4(0.4,0.5)§

118 (19.9)

2.2(1.7,2.9)§

2(0.3)

0.1(0.0,0.5)‡

 Adjusted

0.4(0.4,0.5)§

 

2.3(1.8,3.0)§

 

0.1(0.0,0.5)‡

Class 3 Appropriate catch-up growth (referent)

1.0

167 (10.0)

1.0

45(2.7)

1.0

Class 4 Slow catch-up growth

 Unadjusted

−0.3(−0.4,-0.2)§

16 (5.2)

0.5(0.3,0.8)‡

34(11.1)

4.5 (2.8,7.2)§

 Adjusted

−0.3(− 0.4,-0.2)§

 

0.5(0.3,0.8)‡

 

4.4(2.7,7.1)§

Class 5 Almost no catch-up growth

 Unadjusted

−0.7(−0.8,-0.5)§

5 (4.5)

0.4(0.2,1.1)§

42(38.2)

22.3(13.8,36.3)§

 Adjusted

−0.7(− 0.8,-0.5)§

 

0.4(0.2,1.0)§

 

21.2(12.6,35.6)§

  1. Adjusted for gender, birthweight (2.5Kg ≤ BW<3.0Kg, BW<2.5Kg), gestational age (late term 40 ≤ GA<42 wk., early term 37 ≤ GA<40 wk.), residence (urban, rural)
  2. CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio
  3. ‡P<0.01;§P<0.001