Variable | Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | BetaModel 1 (95%CI) | P Model 1 | P Model 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PRAL range (mEq/d) | −92; −13 | −13; −3 | −3; 4 | 4; 12 | 12; 90 | |||
HBA1C (%)a | 5.9 ± 0.5 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 5.8 ± 0.6 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | −0.0009 (−0.002; −5 × 10−5) | 0.04 | 0.01 |
Plasma glucose (mmol/l) | ||||||||
Fastinga | 5.6 ± 0.8 | 5.5 ± 0.8 | 5.5 ± 0.6 | 5.6 ± 0.9 | 5.5 ± 0.9 | − 0.0003 (− 0.002; 0.001) | 0.7 | 0.2 |
30 mina | 8.7 ± 2.0 | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 8.6 ± 1.9 | 8.6 ± 1.8 | 8.7 ± 1.8 | − 0.0009 (− 0.004; 0.002) | 0.6 | 0.2 |
120 min | 5.7 (4.8; 6.9) | 5.9 (4.9; 6.9) | 5.9 (4.9; 6.9) | 6.0 (5.0; 7.0) | 5.9 (5.0; 7.0) | 0.2 (0.1; 0.2) | 4 × 10−10 | 1 × 10−8 |
Serum insulin (pmol/l) | ||||||||
Fasting | 32 (22; 47) | 33 (23; 50) | 36 (24; 52) | 35 (25; 53) | 36 (25; 53) | 0.2 (0.09; 0.3) | 2 × 10−4 | 0.008 |
30 min | 239 (171; 334) | 234 (165; 346) | 243 (181; 349) | 257 (178; 376) | 257 (183; 368) | 0.07 (− 0.03; 0.2) | 0.2 | 0.8 |
120 min | 145 (86; 230) | 151 (96; 246) | 164 (103; 253) | 162 (103; 273) | 162 (95; 273) | 0.6 (0.4; 0.7) | 8 × 10−16 | 6 × 10−14 |
Measures of beta cell function | ||||||||
Insulinogenic index | 24.2 (16.5; 35.4) | 23.4 (15.9; 34.7) | 24.7 (17.2; 36.3) | 25.8 (17.2; 38.8) | 25.4 (17.2; 37.5) | 0.06 (−0.06; 0.2) | 0.3 | 0.8 |
Corrected insulin response | 638 (392; 1051) | 602 (392; 1033) | 689 (413; 1107) | 691 (410; 1146) | 679 (413; 1094) | 0.09 (−0.04; 0.2) | 0.2 | 0.3 |
Measures of insulin sensitivity | ||||||||
HOMA-IR | 1.3 (0.89; 2.0) | 1.3 (0.89; 2.1) | 1.4 (0.94; 2.2) | 1.4 (0.98; 2.2) | 1.4 (0.97; 2.2) | 0.2 (0.07; 0.3) | 0.001 | 0.04 |
ISIMatsuda | 8.4 (5.6; 11.7) | 8.1 (5.3; 11.9) | 7.8 (5.1; 11.1) | 7.5 (5.1; 10.9) | 7.6 (4.9; 10.8) | −0.2 (− 0.3; − 0.1) | 2 × 10−5 | 0.001 |
BIGTT-Sia | 9.7 ± 4.1 | 9.4 ± 4.1 | 9.3 ± 4.0 | 9.0 ± 4.0 | 8.8 ± 4.0 | −0.02 (− 0.03; − 0.01) | 4 × 10−7 | 4 × 10−7 |
Disposition Index | 304 (211; 447) | 291 (200; 410) | 298 (203; 419) | 297 (205; 412) | 306 (206; 415) | −0.2 (− 0.3; − 0.05) | 0.004 | 0.02 |