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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants in the Inter99 study and in the DCH cohort by quintiles of PRAL score

From: Population-based studies of relationships between dietary acidity load, insulin resistance and incident diabetes in Danes

 

Quintile 1

Quintile 2

Quintile 3

Quintile 4

Quintile 5

Total

Inter99 (n = 5631)

 Participants, n

1127

1126

1126

1126

1126

5631

 PRAL range, mEq/d

−92; − 13

−13; − 3

−3; 4

4; 12

12; 90

−92; 90

 Men, n (%)

469 (42)

530 (47)

487 (43)

581 (52)

722 (64)

2789 (50)

 Age, years

50 (41; 55)

50 (40; 55)

45 (40; 50)

45 (40; 50)

45 (40; 50)

45 (40; 50)

 BMI, kg/m2

26.2 ± 4.5

26.1 ± 4.4

26.1 ± 4.6

26.1 ± 4.3

26.3 ± 4.6

26.2 ± 4.5

 Physical activity, min/week (%)

  0–112

117 (10)

136 (12)

133 (12)

157 (14)

155 (14)

698 (12)

  142.5–225

246 (22)

248 (22)

261 (23)

256 (23)

256 (23)

1267 (23)

  255–420

601 (53)

586 (52)

609 (54)

573 (51)

571 (51)

2940 (52)

  450–720

163 (14)

156 (14)

123 (11)

140 (12)

144 (13)

726 (13)

 Smoking, n (%)

  Current

539 (48)

444 (39)

420 (37)

390 (35)

396 (35)

2189 (39)

  Former

283 (25)

304 (27)

292 (26)

287 (25)

267 (24)

1433 (25)

  Never

305 (27)

378 (34)

414 (37)

449 (40)

463 (41)

2009 (36)

 Energy intake, KJ/d

9286 ± 3082

9043 ± 2878

9049 ± 2861

9605 ± 2866

11,039 ± 3163

9604 ± 3064

 Protein, g/d

76 ± 23

77 ± 23

79 ± 23

85 ± 23

103 ± 28

84 ± 26

 Carbohydrates, g/d

293 ± 114

268 ± 96

263 ± 93

274 ± 92

302 ± 98

280 ± 100

 Dietary fiber, g/d

23 ± 11

21 ± 8

20 ± 8

21 ± 8

23 ± 9

22 ± 9

 Fat intake total, g/d

67 (51; 88)

72 (56; 94)

76 (59; 98)

84 (66; 107)

103 (79; 132)

80 (60; 105)

 Saturated fat, g/d

25 (18; 35)

28 (21; 38)

29 (22; 39)

33 (25; 43)

40 (30; 53)

31 (22; 42)

Diet, Cancer and Health (n = 54,651)

 Participants, n

10,931

10,930

10,930

10,930

10,930

54,651

 PRAL range, mEq/d

− 117; −10

−10; −3

−3; 4

4; 12

12; 89

−117; 89

 Men, n (%)

3564 (33)

4215 (39)

4838 (44)

5789 (53)

7402 (68)

25,808 (47)

 Age, years

55 (52; 60)

56 (52; 60)

56 (52; 60)

56 (52; 60)

55 (52; 60)

56 (52; 60)

 BMI, kg/m2

25.6 ± 3.9

25.8 ± 4.0

26.0 ± 3.9

26.1 ± 4.0

26.4 ± 4.1

26.0 ± 4.0

 Physical activity, MET-h/week

59 (39; 88)

56 (37; 84)

56 (36; 82)

56 (37; 83)

57 (37; 87)

57 (37; 85)

 Smoking, n (%)

  Current

4551 (42)

4203 (38)

3723 (34)

3615 (33)

3605 (33)

15,713 (29)

  Former

2963 (27)

2948 (27)

3125 (29)

3287 (30)

3390 (31)

19,697 (36)

  Never

3417 (31)

3779 (35)

4082 (37)

4028 (37)

3935 (36)

19,241 (35)

 Energy intake, KJ/d

9013 ± 2463

9026 ± 2405

9374 ± 2432

9948 ± 2467

11,384 ± 2745

9749 ± 2657

 Protein, g/d

82 ± 23

86 ± 23

91 ± 23

99 ± 24

119 ± 29

95 ± 28

 Carbohydrates, g/d

254 ± 78

240 ± 71

243 ± 70

252 ± 70

276 ± 75

253 ± 74

 Dietary fiber, g/d

22 ± 8

20 ± 7

20 ± 7

20 ± 6

22 ± 7

21 ± 7

 Fat intake total, g/d

67 (53; 83)

73 (58; 89)

78 (64; 96)

86 (70; 105)

104 (86; 126)

81 (64; 101)

 Saturated fat, g/d

25 (19; 32)

28 (22; 35)

30 (24; 37)

33 (27; 41)

40 (33; 49)

31 (24; 39)

 Food intake, g/d

  Red meat

63 (46; 84)

70 (52; 93)

77 (57; 101)

85 (63; 112)

105 (75; 141)

78 (56; 107)

  Fish

32 (21; 46)

35 (23; 49)

37 (25; 52)

41 (28; 57)

49 (33; 70)

38 (25; 55)

  Dairy products

263 (121; 515)

278 (138; 536)

289 (152; 547)

307 (172; 576)

344 (206; 617)

295 (156; 560)

  Vegetables

180 (113; 272)

158 (100; 223)

151 (99; 213)

148 (97; 207)

155 (104; 213)

157 (102; 224)

  Fruit

202 (107; 350)

154 (81; 254)

141 (74; 224)

131 (68; 204)

117 (61; 189)

145 (75; 240)

  1. Data are mean ± standard deviation or median (inter quartile range) unless otherwise specified. Descriptive data on the Inter99 cohort are on non-diabetic individuals only. MET Metabolic Equivalent of Task, PRAL Potential Renal Acid Load