Severely malnourished children with a low weight-for-height have similar mortality to those with a low mid-upper-arm-circumference: II. Systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Grellety, Emmanuel; Golden, Michael H.

doi:10.1186/s12937-018-0383-5

Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the analysis

From: Severely malnourished children with a low weight-for-height have similar mortality to those with a low mid-upper-arm-circumference: II. Systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Ref	Study	Author & year	Country	Setting^a	Study design	Prospect Retrosp	Date of data	MUAC stand	WHZ stand	Age range	Oed	Oed cases	“Both” in study	“Both” in survey	Time obs	Missing data	Default or lost	Original analysis
#	#						year	mm	Z or %	month		%	%	%	d.m	%	%
Studies giving numbers of children fulfilling both WHZ and MUAC criteria
41	1	Aguayo 2015	India	IPF	Case notes	Retrosp	2009–11	< 115	<− 3 WHO	6–59	excl		63.9	21.3	14 d	ng	22.9	Log reg
42	2	Grellety 2012	Niger	Com	Com trial	Prospect	2010	< 115	<−3 WHO	6–23	excl		35.1	24.9	5 m	5.3	0.0	Cox PH reg
21	3	Grellety 2015	South Sudan	OTP	Case notes	Retrosp	2008	< 115	<−3 WHO	6–59	excl		31.7	20.3	51 d	8.6	15.0	Binom reg
43	4	Isanaka 2015	Niger	OTP	RCT	Prospect	2012–3	< 115	<−3 WHO	6–59	excl		39.2	24.9	29.5 d	0.0	1.0	Log-binom
44	5	Lowlaavar 2016	Uganda	IPF	Cohort	Prospect	2012–3	< 115	<−3 WHO	6–60	excl		22.5	11.6	3 d	ng	9.7	Log reg
45	6	LaCourse 2014	Malawi	IPF	Case notes	Prospect	2011–2	< 110	< 70% NCHS	6–60	excl		14.2	8.8	ng	0.5	0.0	Chisq OR
35	7	Olofin 2016	DRC,Senegal,Nepal	Com	Com cohort	Prospect	1983–92	< 115	<−3 WHO	6–59	excl		21.9	20,12,7	2–6 m	ng	ng	Cox PH reg
Studies including oedema
46	8	Berkley 2005	Kenya	IPF	Case notes	Prospect	1999–02	< 115	<−3 NCHS	12–59	incl	34.2	42.9	8.8^b	ng	3.6	ng	ROC curve
47	9	Chiabi 2017	Cameroun	IPF	Case notes	Retrosp	2006–14	< 115	<− 3 WHO	6–59	incl	ng	58.5	17.0	ng	30.7	10.1	ROC curve
48	10	Sachdeva 2016	India	IPF	Case notes	Prospect	2012–3	< 115	<−3 WHO	6–60	incl	3.8	32.2	21.3	3.7 d	ng	15.0	ROC curve
Studies where children fulfilling both criteria are incorporated into both the WHZ and MUAC categories
49	11	Burza 2016	India	Com	Follow up	Prospect	2009–11	< 115	<−3 WHO	6–59	ng	ng	ng	21.3	18 m	26.7	ng	Log reg
50	12	Mogeni 2011	Kenya	IPF	Case notes	Prospect	2007–9	< 115	<−3 WHO	6–60	incl	19.2	ng	8.8^b	ng	5.4	ng	Chisq
51	13	Sylla 2015	Senegal	IPF	Case notes	Retrosp	2012	< 115	<− 3 WHO	0–60	ng	ng	ng	6.6	ng	ng	ng	Log reg
52	14	Vella 1990	Uganda	Com	Com cohort	Prospect	1988	< 115	<−3 NCHS	0–60	incl	ng	ng	11.6	ng	13.0	10.0	Log reg
53	15	Dramaix 1993	DRC	IPF	Case notes	Prospect	1986–8	< 115	< 70% NCHS	0–60	incl	28.9	ng	11.5	60 d	15.4	ng	Log reg
54	16	Girum 2017	Ethiopia	IPF	Case notes	Retrosp	2013–5	< 115	< 70% ng	ng	incl	66.6	ng	15.5	13 d	ng	11.6	Cox PH reg
55	17	Savadogo 2007	BFA	IPF	Case notes	Retrosp	1999–03	Tertile	<−3 NCHS	0- < 36	excl	ng	ng	18.3	19 d	ng	18.3	Cox PH reg
36	18	Garenne1987	Senegal	Com	Com cohort	Prospect	1983–4	< 115	<−3 NCHS	1–60	incl	ng	ng	6.6	3 m	ng	ng	Life table
37	19	Garenne 2009	Senegal	Com	Com cohort	Prospect	1983–4	< 110	CDC2000	1–60	incl	ng	ng	6.6	3 m	ng	ng	Life table
37	20	Garenne 2009	DRC	Com	Com cohort	Prospect	1989–92	< 110	CDC2000	1–60	incl	ng	ng	11.5	6 m	ng	ng	Life table
38	21	VD Broeck 1993	DRC	Com	Com cohort	Prospect	1989–92	<−4 SD	<−3 NCHS	0–60	incl	ng	ng	11.5	3 m	ng	ng	Life table

^a For brief description of each study and comments please see Additional File 2
^b These studies were on the Kenya coast and the nutritional survey was from North Kenya
DRC Democratic Republic of Congo (COD), BFA Burkina Faso, IPF In-patient Facility, Com community study, OTP Out-patient treatment program, RCT randomized controlled trial, Retrosp retrospective, Prospect prospective, stand standards used to define SAM, WHO World Health Organisation 2006 WHZ standards, NCHS National Center for Health Statistics 1996 standards, CDC2000 Centre for Disease Control 2000 standards, Oed oedematous cases (kwashiorkor and marasmic-kwashiorkor), excl excluded from analysis, incl included in analysis, ng not given in report, “Both” in study the proportion of all the SAM cases which had both WHZ < − 3Z and MUAC < 115 mm in the study’s subjects, “Both” in survey the proportion of all SAM cases that had both WHZ < − 3Z and MUAC < 115 mm derived from a nutritional survey of a random sample of the community (see [21]), obs average time the subjects were observed to determine the outcome, d.m days or months, log logistic, reg regression, Binom binomial, PH Proportional Hazards, Chisq Chi-squared Test, OR odds ratio. Non-standard definitions of SAM and age ranges not within the 6-60 month age range are shown in bold script.

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