| Treatment group |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline data | Control | WG | FV | P-value |
Subjects (N) | 14 | 17 | 18 | Â |
Gender (M/F) | 7/7 | 6/11 | 6/12 | 0.20 |
Age (years) | 27.6 ± 5.9 b | 39.2 ± 13.5 a | 29.4 ± 12.8 ab | < 0.01 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.1 ± 5.2 | 33.7 ± 6.3 | 30.3 ± 6.0 | 0.40 |
Plasma inflammatory markers | ||||
 IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2.9 ± 1.5 | 4.4 ± 1.9 | 4.3 ± 2.6 | 0.60 |
 TNF-α (pg/mL) | 23.8 ± 5.9 | 26.7 ± 4.17 | 24.2 ± 5.2 | 0.11 |
 hs-CRP (mg/mL) | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.6 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.89 |
 LBP (mg/L) | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 0.38 |
Stool short chain fatty acids (mmol/g feces) | ||||
 SCFA | 101 ± 71 | 59.9 ± 39.7 | 64.0 ± 36.1 | 0.29 |
  Acetate | 64.6 ± 38.2 | 42.9 ± 27.9 | 46.6 ± 28.0 | 0.43 |
  Propionate | 20.4 ± 23.0 | 9.74 ± 7.65 | 9.61 ± 5.93 | 0.30 |
  Butyrate | 16.3 ± 12.8 | 7.14 ± 5.32 | 7.80 ± 5.15 | 0.07 |
 BCFA | 2.34 ± 1.74 | 1.74 ± 1.30 | 1.52 ± 0.78 | 0.37 |
Stool microbiota composition (relative abundance, %) | ||||
 Actinobacteria | 6.54 ± 4.08 | 5.99 ± 3.39 | 4.42 ± 4.32 | 0.36 |
 Bacteroidetes | 13.8 ± 9.7 | 11.2 ± 5.7 | 12.3 ± 8.1 | 0.38 |
 Firmicutes | 78.8 ± 9.2 | 81.0 ± 8.4 | 82.4 ± 9.5 | 0.28 |
 Proteobacteria | 0.67 ± 0.08 | 1.14 ± 1.92 | 0.43 ± 0.55 | 0.26 |
 Verrucomicrobia | 0.18 ± 0.42 | 0.62 ± 1.13 | 0.46 ± 0.94 | 0.75 |
 Other | 0.04 ± 0.11 | 0.07 ± 0.14 | 0.05 ± 0.14 | 0.79 |