Family-based intervention using face-to-face sessions and social media to improve Malay primary school children’s adiposity: a randomized controlled field trial of the Malaysian REDUCE programme

Table 5 Comparison of changes in adiposity within groups between baseline and six-month follow-up

	Mean difference ± SD baseline vs 6-month^c	t	p-value ^a
BMI z-score
Whole sample
Intervention group (n = 67)	0.100 ± 0.257	3.190	0.002^b
Wait-list group (n = 67)	0.019 ± 0.172	0.907	0.368
Overweight children
Intervention group (n = 28)	0.087 ± 0.367	1.257	0.220
Wait-list group (n = 27)	− 0.067 ± 0.185	−1.887	0.070
Obese children
Intervention group (n = 39)	0.109 ± 0.136	5.022	< 0.001^b
Wait-list group (n = 40)	0.077 ± 0.138	3.545	0.001^b
Waist circumference percentile
Whole sample
Intervention group (n = 67)	1.373 ± 11.079	1.014	0.314
Wait-list group (n = 67)	−1.343 ± 9.019	−1.219	0.227
Overweight children
Intervention group (n = 28)	5.357 ± 14.095	2.011	0.054
Wait-list group (n = 27)	0.963 ± 9.382	0.533	0.598
Obese children
Intervention group (n = 39)	−1.487 ± 7.207	−1.289	0.205
Wait-list group (n = 40)	− 2.900 ± 8.533	−2.149	0.038^b
Percentage of total body fat
Whole sample
Intervention group (n = 67)	0.912 ± 6.053	1.234	0.222
Wait-list group (n = 67)	0.655 ± 6.694	0.801	0.426
Overweight children
Intervention group (n = 28)	2.451 ± 6.736	1.926	0.065
Wait-list group (n = 27)	1.963 ± 5.961	1.711	0.099
Obese children
Intervention group (n = 39)	−0.193 ± 5.330	−0.226	0.822
Wait-list group (n = 40)	−0.227 ± 7.083	−0.203	0.840

^aUsing paired t-test; SD: standard deviation
^bSignificant at p ≤ 0.05;
^cThis difference is baseline minus 6 month, with minus value depicting a higher measurement at 6-month post-training compared to baseline

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