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Table 3 Associations between dietary patterns and preterm delivery

From: Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and preterm delivery: a large prospective cohort study in China

Preterm delivery

Dietary patterns

Varied

Milk

Cereals, eggs and Cantonese soups

Meats

Fruits, nuts and Cantonese desserts

Vegetables

Overall preterm delivery (n, %)

85 (4.9)

66 (6.1)

54 (5.0)

44 (3.9)

43 (4.9)

59 (4.1)

 Crude OR (95% CI)

1.20 (0.86–1.69)

1.51 (1.05–2.17) *

1.24 (0.85–1.80)

0.95 (0.64–1.42)

1.21 (0.81–1.81)

1.00 (Reference)

 Adjusted OR (95% CI) a

1.27 (0.90–1.80)

1.59 (1.11–2.29) *

1.31 (0.89–1.92)

1.01 (0.67–1.51)

1.30 (0.87–1.96)

1.00 (Reference)

Spontaneous preterm delivery (n, %)

63 (3.7)

52 (4.8)

39 (3.7)

32 (2.9)

34 (3.9)

42 (2.9)

 Crude OR (95% CI)

1.25 (0.84–1.86)

1.67 (1.10–2.53) *

1.25 (0.81–1.95)

0.97 (0.61–1.55)

1.35 (0.85–2.13)

1.00 (Reference)

 Adjusted OR (95% CI) a

1.29 (0.86–1.92)

1.73 (1.14–2.62) *

1.30 (0.83–2.03)

1.00 (0.63–1.60)

1.41 (0.89–2.24)

1.00 (Reference)

Iatrogenic preterm delivery (n, %)

14 (0.8)

9 (0.9)

10 (1.0)

5 (0.5)

8 (1.0)

16 (1.1)

 Crude OR (95% CI)

0.73 (0.36–1.50)

0.76 (0.33–1.73)

0.84 (0.38–1.87)

0.40 (0.15–1.09)

0.83 (0.35–1.95)

1.00 (Reference)

 Adjusted OR (95% CI) a, b

0.79 (0.38–1.61)

0.79 (0.34–1.74)

0.90 (0.40–1.94)

0.46 (0.16–1.14)

0.87 (0.36–1.97)

1.00 (Reference)

Late preterm delivery (n, %)

73 (4.2)

53 (4.9)

47 (4.4)

37 (3.3)

40 (4.6)

44 (3.1)

 Crude OR (95% CI)

1.38 (0.95–2.03)

1.63 (1.08–2.45) *

1.44 (0.95–2.19)

1.08 (0.69–1.68)

1.51 (0.98–2.34)

1.00 (Reference)

 Adjusted OR (95% CI) a

1.46 (0.99–2.15)

1.73 (1.08–2.62) *

1.54 (1.01–2.35) *

1.11 (0.73–1.79)

1.61 (1.04–2.50) *

1.00 (Reference)

Moderately or early preterm delivery (n, %)

12 (0.7)

13 (1.3)

7 (0.7)

7 (0.6)

3 (0.4)

15 (1.1)

 Crude OR (95% CI)

0.67 (0.31–1.43)

1.17 (0.55–2.47)

0.63 (0.26–1.55)

0.60 (0.24–1.47)

0.33 (0.10–1.15)

1.00 (Reference)

 Adjusted OR (95% CI) a, b

0.73 (0.34–1.55)

1.19 (0.56–2.50)

0.68 (0.27–1.58)

0.63 (0.25–1.48)

0.42 (0.11–1.21)

1.00 (Reference)

  1. a Adjusted for maternal age, education level, monthly income, parity, passive smoking during pregnancy, supplementation with folic acid, pre-pregnancy BMI, and previous preterm delivery
  2. b The firth’s correction was applied to improve the accuracy of the logit coefficients
  3. * P value < 0.05