Table 1 Percentages (%) of weekly intake of 30 food groups assessed with a self-administered food frequency questionnaire across the six dietary patterns identified among 7352 pregnant Chinese women from the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study
Dietary patterns | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Varied | Milk | Pattern a | Meats | Pattern b | Vegetables | |||||||
(n = 1742) | (n = 1090) | (n = 1078) | (n = 1125) | (n = 875) | (n = 1442) | |||||||
Food groups c | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |
Cereals | ||||||||||||
Rice | 8.1 | 2.8 | 10.9 | 3.4 | 16.4 | 3.8 | 12.5 | 3.2 | 10.4 | 3.4 | 12.0 | 3.5 |
Pasta | 4.4 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 5.1 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 2.5 |
Noodles | 2.8 | 3.0 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 2.1 |
Porridge | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
Bread | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
Vegetables | ||||||||||||
Leafy and cruciferous vegetables | 10.1 | 3.0 | 10.7 | 3.4 | 7.8 | 2.9 | 10.5 | 3.7 | 9.3 | 3.4 | 17.9 | 3.8 |
Root vegetables | 3.7 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 2.0 |
Melon vegetables | 4.2 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 3.7 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 4.0 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 2.2 |
Mushrooms | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
Sea vegetables | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
Bean vegetables | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.1 |
Processed vegetables | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.8 |
Fruits | 7.7 | 2.4 | 8.1 | 2.9 | 8.1 | 2.8 | 7.5 | 2.9 | 15.3 | 3.9 | 7.6 | 2.9 |
Meats | ||||||||||||
Red meat | 7.1 | 2.5 | 7.7 | 3.0 | 6.8 | 2.7 | 14.4 | 3.4 | 7.1 | 3.1 | 7.6 | 3.0 |
Poultry | 2.6 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 1.8 |
Animal organ meat | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.2 |
Processed meat | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
Eggs | 5.3 | 2.2 | 5.8 | 2.5 | 5.8 | 2.9 | 5.5 | 2.8 | 5.3 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 2.3 |
Fish | 3.1 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 1.8 |
Other seafood | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.2 |
Bean products | 6.9 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 4.2 | 2.8 | 3.7 | 2.5 | 4.4 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 2.5 |
Nuts | 4.3 | 2.4 | 4.1 | 2.6 | 3.8 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 4.6 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 2.5 |
Milk | 5.1 | 2.7 | 13.0 | 4.1 | 5.9 | 3.0 | 5.4 | 2.9 | 5.9 | 3.2 | 5.1 | 2.9 |
Yoghurt | 2.5 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 2.1 |
Sweet beverages | 1.9 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 2.0 |
Cantonese desserts | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
Cantonese soups | 3.1 | 2.1 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 3.7 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 2.1 |
Puffed food | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
Confectioneries | 2.2 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 2.0 |
Snack | 3.2 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.3 |