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Table 4 Relationship between vegetable intake amount and prevalence of cardiometabolic disease among adults, 1999–2014

From: Greater vegetable variety and amount are associated with lower prevalence of coronary heart disease: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2014

Cardiometabolic disease outcome

Amount quintile 1

Amount quintile 2

Amount quintile 3

Amount quintile 4

Amount quintile 5

P-trend

Odds ratio (95% CI)

      

 Cardiometabolic

Referent

0.88 (0.76–1.03)

1.04 (0.88–1.21)

0.94 (0.82–1.06)

0.95 (0.82–1.11)

0.805

 Cardiovascular

Referent

0.79 (0.65–0.97)

0.97 (0.78–1.21)

0.81 (0.67–0.99)

0.79 (0.64–0.97)

0.050

 Coronary heart

Referent

0.84 (0.65–1.07)

0.90 (0.70–1.16)

0.80 (0.64–1.01)

0.75 (0.59–0.96)

0.026

 Stroke

Referent

0.75 (0.55–1.02)

1.08 (0.82–1.43)

0.88 (0.70–1.11)

0.87 (0.67–1.12)

0.667

 Diabetes

Referent

0.97 (0.82–1.14)

1.04 (0.87–1.25)

0.98 (0.85–1.13)

1.00 (0.86–1.17)

0.961

  1. Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, race/ethnicity, intake of fatty acids (unsaturated:saturated), intake of added sugar, income-to-poverty ratio, and education
  2. Median energy-adjusted vegetable intake (cup-equivalents/day) for each quintile is: quintile 1 = 0, quintile 2 = 0.95, quintile 3 = 1.61, quintile 4 = 1.89, quintile 5 = 2.10
  3. Cardiometabolic disease includes coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes
  4. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary heart disease and stroke