Table 3 Daily nutrient and food-group intakes of the Chinese type 2 diabetic adults with and without obesity
From: Diet quality is inversely associated with obesity in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes
|  | Total (n = 211) | Non-obese T2D (n = 105) | Obese T2D (n = 106) | P-value | P-value adjusted for age and sex |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total energy intake, kcal/day | 2024.6 ± 514.6 | 1877.4 ± 441.3 | 2154.4 ± 546.0 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Protein, % of total energy | 19.2 ± 3.0 | 18.7 ± 2.5 | 19.6 ± 3.3 | 0.018 | 0.023 |
Carbohydrates, % of total energy | 41.8 ± 7.0 | 42.8 ± 7.0 | 40.9 ± 6.6 | 0.035 | 0.070 |
Total fat, % of total energy | 39.1 ± 5.4 | 38.7 ± 5.5 | 39.4 ± 5.3 | 0.291 | 0.438 |
SFA, % of total energy | 8.1 ± 1.8 | 7.9 ± 1.9 | 8.2 ± 1.7 | 0.183 | 0.480 |
MUFA, % of total energy | 15 ± 3.4 | 14.6 ± 3.6 | 15.4 ± 3.2 | 0.089 | 0.161 |
PUFA, % of total energy | 9.5 ± 3.0 | 9.5 ± 3.0 | 9.5 ± 2.8 | 0.918 | 0.907 |
Trans fat, g* | 2.1 ± 2.0 | 2.0 ± 2.0 | 2.2 ± 2.0 | 0.644 | 0.683 |
Cholesterol, mg* | 171.1 ± 50.8 | 166.1 ± 50.6 | 176.1 ± 50.8 | 0.152 | 0.189 |
Dietary fiber, g* | 6.6 ± 2.6 | 7.2 ± 2.8 | 6.0 ± 2.3 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Vitamin C, mg* | 52.8 ± 29.6 | 58.0 ± 33.2 | 47.6 ± 24.8 | 0.010 | 0.016 |
Calcium, mg* | 283.8 ± 108.1 | 302.8 ± 103.6 | 264.9 ± 109.6 | 0.011 | 0.023 |
Phosphorus, mg* | 598.4 ± 106.2 | 605.3 ± 105.8 | 591.7 ± 106.6 | 0.354 | 0.559 |
Sodium, mg* | 1750.5 ± 444.4 | 1818 ± 440.5 | 1682.8 ± 440.0 | 0.026 | 0.061 |
Potassium, mg* | 1095.1 ± 230.6 | 1132.5 ± 236.7 | 1058.0 ± 219.2 | 0.019 | 0.027 |
Iron, mg* | 7.3 ± 2.4 | 7.5 ± 2.5 | 7.1 ± 2.3 | 0.228 | 0.525 |
Magnesium, mg* | 140.0 ± 35.4 | 147.0 ± 39.1 | 133.0 ± 29.9 | 0.004 | 0.013 |
Zinc, mg* | 5.1 ± 1.0 | 5.0 ± 0.9 | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 0.087 | 0.167 |
Refined grains, g* | 205.3 ± 75.2 | 197.5 ± 77.9 | 213.0 ± 72.0 | 0.137 | 0.139 |
Whole grains, g* | 38.2 ± 62.2 | 43.4 ± 62.6 | 33.1 ± 61.7 | 0.227 | 0.303 |
Vegetables, g* | 96.5 ± 62.5 | 107.6 ± 71.6 | 85.4 ± 49.8 | 0.010 | 0.014 |
Fruits and dried fruits, g* | 83 ± 49.9 | 88.5 ± 54.2 | 77.5 ± 44.9 | 0.108 | 0.162 |
Meat, poultry and organ meat, g* | 72.9 ± 32.2 | 63.6 ± 28.4 | 82.1 ± 33.3 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Fish and seafood, g* | 33.5 ± 23 | 34.3 ± 22.8 | 32.7 ± 23.4 | 0.629 | 0.973 |
Egg and egg products, g* | 11.8 ± 9.7 | 11.7 ± 9.8 | 12.0 ± 9.7 | 0.753 | 0.880 |
Milk and dairy products, ml* | 20.7 ± 41.7 | 24.3 ± 43.1 | 17.1 ± 40.2 | 0.208 | 0.208 |
Fast food, g* | 5.3 ± 8.9 | 5.4 ± 9.0 | 5.2 ± 8.7 | 0.881 | 0.291 |
Nuts, g* | 2.8 ± 5.7 | 3.6 ± 6.4 | 2.1 ± 4.7 | 0.046 | 0.057 |
Sugar sweetened beverages, ml* | 44.3 ± 67.1 | 42.3 ± 63.9 | 46.3 ± 70.4 | 0.515 | 0.890 |
Sweet pastries and desserts, g* | 5.3 ± 10.7 | 4.2 ± 9.9 | 6.4 ± 11.3 | 0.135 | 0.129 |
Soups, ml* | 70.3 ± 74.6 | 78.1 ± 76.3 | 62.7 ± 72.4 | 0.134 | 0.280 |
Alcohol, g* | 0.6 ± 2.3 | 0.8 ± 2.5 | 0.4 ± 2.1 | 0.303 | 0.253 |
Cooking oils and fats, g* | 20.0 ± 5.9 | 19.6 ± 5.1 | 20.5 ± 6.5 | 0.242 | 0.322 |