Greater improvements in diet quality among overweight participants following a group-based commercial weight loss programme than those receiving support to lose weight in primary care

Table 3 Within-person longitudinal associations between change in nutrient density and change in weight between baseline, 6 and 12 months

	Model 1 ^a	Model 2 ^b
Explanatory variables	beta^c 95% CI p-value^d	beta^c 95% CI p-value^d
Protein density, g/MJ	− 0.254	− 0.256
	− 0.414, − 0.094	−0.415, − 0.097
	p = 0.002	p = 0.002
Fibre density, g/MJ	− 0.614	−0.676
	−1.202, −0.025	− 1.269, − 0.083
	p = 0.041	p = 0.026
Physical activity (per 10,000 pedometer steps)		− 1.675
		−2.676, −0.673
		p = 0.002

No associations were observed between change in energy density, total fat density, saturated fat density, carbohydrate density or sugar density and change in weight between baseline, 6 and 12 months
^aModel 1: linear mixed effects regression model of weight collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months, with within-person change in nutrient density between baseline and 6 and 12 month follow up as explanatory variables, and adjusting for age, gender, country, intervention group (SC or CP), time period and intervention group by time interaction
^bModel 2: as model 1, additionally adjusted for physical activity
^cBeta coefficient = estimated change in weight (kg) per 1 g/MJ increase in nutrient density or per 10,000 pedometer steps between baseline and end of follow up
^dProbability of rejecting the null hypothesis (beta = 0) when it is true, based on a Wald test

ISSN: 1475-2891