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Table 2 Diabetes-specific psychological wellbeing questionnaire scores at each time point (weeks 0, 12, 24) by allocated diet

From: Comparison of two low-fat diets, differing in protein and carbohydrate, on psychological wellbeing in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a randomised clinical trial

    

Weight Loss

Weight Maintenance

Complete Study

P value

 

Week 0

Week 12

Week 24

Mean Change

(Weeks 0–12)

Mean Change

(Weeks 12–24)

Mean Change

(Weeks 0–24)

Group

Time

Group x Time

Problem Areas In Diabetes

−8.38 ± 1.75a

−2.63 ± 1.11

−11.01 ± 1.85a

0.84

< 0.001

0.08

HP

23.88 ± 3.38

18.03 ± 2.83

13.00 ± 2.39

      

HC

25.56 ± 3.55

14.65 ± 2.93

14.42 ± 2.49

     

Diabetes Quality of Life - 39

      

Diabetes Control

 

−6.26 ± 2.19b

0.16 ± 1.56

−6.10 ± 1.82b

0.92

0.01

0.26

HP

24.20 ± 3.26

20.95 ± 2.29

19.66 ± 2.61

      

HC

26.56 ± 3.43

17.29 ± 2.38

18.90 ± 2.72

      

Anxiety and Worry

 

−4.83 ± 2.14

1.97 ± 2.07

−2.86 ± 2.18

0.55

0.14

0.65

HP

36.78 ± 3.66

32.94 ± 3.35

33.91 ± 3.55

      

HC

34.28 ± 3.84

28.47 ± 3.50

31.43 ± 3.71

      

Social Burden

 

−2.25 ± 1.42

0.78 ± 1.61

−1.47 ± 1.89

0.72

0.36

0.20

HP

15.38 ± 2.30

13.70 ± 1.96

11.53 ± 2.12

      

HC

13.21 ± 2.42

10.38 ± 2.02

14.11 ± 2.21

      

Energy and Mobility

 

−6.20 ± 1.52a

3.97 ± 1.63

−2.23 ± 1.26

0.92

< 0.001

0.52

HP

24.27 ± 2.53

19.63 ± 2.29

22.04 ± 2.49

      

HC

25.52 ± 2.66

17.76 ± 2.40

23.28 ± 2.61

      

Sexual Functioningc

 

−5.18 ± 2.55

1.45 ± 2.46

−3.73 ± 2.24

0.72

0.13

0.68

HP

22.42 ± 4.74

15.03 ± 3.95

19.01 ± 4.53

      

HC

24.17 ± 4.88

21.21 ± 4.06

20.12 ± 4.70

      

Overall Quality of Lifed (scores 0–7)

0.54 ± 0.19b

−0.21 ± 0.19

0.33 ± 0.21

0.84

0.03

0.36

HP

4.67 ± 0.23

5.46 ± 0.22

5.02 ± 0.23

      

HC

4.89 ± 0.24

5.19 ± 0.23

5.20 ± 0.24

      

Severity of Diabetes (scores 0–7)

−0.79 ± 0.19b

0.21 ± 0.19

− 0.58 ± 0.15b

0.88

< 0.001

0.15

HP

3.41 ± 0.29

3.01 ± 0.24

2.95 ± 0.28

      

HC

3.69 ± 0.31

2.52 ± 0.25

3.01 ± 0.29

      
  1. Data reported as means ± SEM analyzed using mixed-models with group and time as fixed-factors. aSignificant difference < 0.001 level (two-tailed). bSignificant difference < 0.05 level (two-tailed). Post-hoc comparisons were performed with Bonferroni’s adjustments for multiple comparisons where a significant difference was seen. Unless indicated otherwise, scores range from 0 – 100. Lower scores signify an improvement in psychological wellbeing except d where higher scores indicate better QoL. Abbreviations: HP: higher-protein diet (n = 32); HC: higher-carbohydrate diet (n = 29) except for c (HP: n = 31; HC: n = 29)