From: Nutrient intake disparities in the US: modeling the effect of food substitutions
Nutrient | Reported daily intakeb,c | Modeled daily intakea | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eggs consumed as main dish at breakfast | Eggs consumed as main dish at lunch | Eggs consumed as main dish at dinner | ||||||
 | Percent not meeting recommendations (95% CI)d | |||||||
Saturated fatty acidse | 62.1 | (60.6–63.6) | 65.6 | (64.2–67.1)* | 37.0 | (35.4–38.5)*** | 66.3 | (64.8–67.8)** |
Vitamin Af | 46.9 | (45.4–48.4) | 50.1 | (48.6–51.6)** | 42.7 | (41.2–44.2)*** | 40.4 | (38.9–41.9)** |
Vitamin C | 45.9 | (44.3–47.5) | 47.2 | (45.6–48.8) | 46.1 | (44.5–47.7) | 46.4 | (44.8–48.0) |
Vitamin D | 95.0 | (94.8–95.2) | 95.0 | (94.8–95.2) | 94.0 | (93.8–94.2)** | 94.0 | (93.8–94.2)** |
Vitamin E | 88.1 | (87.0–89.2) | 89.7 | (88.7–90.6) | 87.0 | (85.9–88.1) | 86.5 | (85.4–87.6) |
Thiamin | 9.5 | (8.8–10.2) | 9.7 | (9.0–10.5) | 9.3 | (8.5–10.0) | 8.9 | (8.1–9.6) |
Riboflavin | 9.7 | (9.0–10.4) | 9.9 | (9.2–10.7) | 9.4 | (8.6–10.1) | 8.9 | (8.2–9.6) |
Niacin | 9.3 | (8.5–10.0) | 10.2 | (9.4–10.9) | 9.6 | (8.8–10.3) | 9.3 | (8.5–10.0) |
Vitamin B6 | 18.8 | (17.6–19.9) | 22.6 | (21.3–23.9)*** | 19.1 | (18.0–20.3) | 20.8 | (19.6–21.9) |
Folatej | 27.9 | (26.8–29.0) | 35.8 | (34.6–37.0)** | 27.9 | (26.7–29.0) | 27.1 | (25.9–28.2) |
Vitamin B12 | 10.8 | (10.0–11.6) | 11.4 | (10.5–12.3) | 10.6 | (9.8–11.4) | 9.9 | (9.1–10.6) |
Calcium | 47.4 | (46.2–48.6) | 48.32 | (47.1–49.5) | 47.55 | (46.4–48.7) | 46.3 | (45.1–47.5) |
Iron | 12.7 | (11.9–13.5) | 13.62 | (12.8–14.4) | 12.61 | (11.8–13.4) | 12.3 | (11.6–13.1) |
Magnesium | 72.1 | (70.9–73.3) | 74.7 | (73.5–75.8)* | 58.8 | (57.3–60.3)*** | 73.1 | (71.9–74.3) |
Sodiumh | 81.4 | (80.5–82.3) | 81.1 | (80.2–82.0) | 80.5 | (79.6–81.4) | 81.3 | (80.5–82.2) |
Zinc | 39.4 | (38.2–40.6) | 44.0 | (42.8–45.3)*** | 40.1 | (38.9–41.3) | 39.5 | (38.2–40.7) |
 | Mean intake (95% CI) | |||||||
Energy (kcal) | 2176 | (2159–2192) | 2158 | (2142–2175) | 2170 | (2153–2186) | 2171 | (2154–2187) |
Protein, total (g) | 84 | (83–84) | 83 | (82–84) | 81 | (81–82)*** | 76 | (74–78)*** |
Carbohydrate, total (g) | 262 | (260–264) | 264 | (258–271) | 262 | (260–264) | 265 | (262–267) |
Fatty acids, total (g) | 83 | (82–84) | 83 | (82–83) | 81 | (80–82)* | 80 | (79–81) |
Fiber (g) | 16 | (16–16) | 15 | (15–15)*** | 16 | (15–16) | 16 | (15–16) |
Eicosapentaenoic acid (g) | 0.03 | (0.03–0.03) | 0.03 | (0.03–0.03) | 0.03 | (0.02–0.03) | 0.03 | (0.02–0.03) |
Docosahexaenoic acid (g) | 0.08 | (0.08–0.08) | 0.08 | (0.08–0.08) | 0.08 | (0.08–0.09) | 0.09 | (0.09–0.09) |
α-linolenic acid (g) | 1.53 | (1.50–1.55) | 1.53 | (1.51–1.55) | 1.52 | (1.50–1.54) | 1.53 | (1.50–1.55) |
Vitamin K (μg) | 100 | (97–103) | 100 | (97–103) | 100 | (97–103) | 99 | (96–102) |
Choline (mg) | 317 | (312–322) | 336 | (331–341) | 353 | (348–358)*** | 382 | (376–388)*** |
Potassium (mg) | 2222 | (2159–2286) | 2219 | (2158–2279) | 2207 | (2145–2269) | 2205 | (2143–2267) |
α-carotene (μg) | 516 | (488–544) | 426 | (405–446) | 425 | (300–551) | 403 | (236–570) |
β-carotene (μg) | 2136 | (2054–2218) | 2134 | (2053–2214) | 2138 | (2057–2219) | 2104 | (2022–2186) |
β-cryptoxanthin (μg) | 112 | (108–116) | 103 | (99–107) | 107 | (103–111) | 105 | (101–109) |
Lutein and zeaxanthin (μg) | 1418 | (1362–1473) | 1436 | (1383–1490) | 1489 | (1435–1543) | 1544 | (1491–1598)** |
Lycopene (μg) | 8218 | (7838–8598) | 8096 | (7759–8433) | 8653 | (8242–9065) | 8290 | (7920–8660) |