From: Nutrient intake disparities in the US: modeling the effect of food substitutions
Nutrient | Reported daily intakeb,c | Modeled daily intakea | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eggs consumed as main dish at breakfast | Eggs consumed as main dish at lunch | Eggs consumed as main dish at dinner | ||||||
 | Percent not meeting recommendations (95% CI)d | |||||||
Saturated fatty acidse | 57.5 | (50.4–64.7) | 62.1 | (55.5–68.7) | 40.9 | (34.1–47.7)** | 63.1 | (56.5–69.7) |
Vitamin Af | 60.9 | (53.3–68.6) | 66.3 | (58.8–73.8) | 54.5 | (47.7–61.2) | 54.6 | (46.8–62.5) |
Vitamin C | 47.3 | (39.2–55.3) | 48.9 | (40.8–57.0) | 48.9 | (40.8–57.0) | 47.8 | (39.9–55.8) |
Vitamin D | 96.0 | (94.0–98.0) | 97.0 | (96.8–97.2) | 95.0 | (94.0–98.0) | 96.0 | (95.8–96.2) |
Vitamin E | 97.3 | (95.9–98.6) | 97.6 | (96.5–98.8) | 96.7 | (95.2–98.3) | 96.9 | (95.4–98.3) |
Thiamin | 15.8 | (12.6–18.9) | 19.0 | (15.3–22.6) | 15.4 | (12.3–18.4) | 14.8 | (11.6–18.1) |
Riboflavin | 12.7 | (9.8–15.6) | 14.3 | (11.1–17.4) | 11.6 | (8.9–14.4) | 11.1 | (8.3–13.8) |
Niacin | 9.6 | (6.9–12.3) | 11.6 | (8.4–14.7) | 10.9 | (7.9–13.8) | 9.7 | (7.0–12.4) |
Vitamin B6 | 25.7 | (20.6–30.9) | 33.6 | (27.3–39.8) | 26.4 | (21.2–31.6) | 29.4 | (23.9–34.9) |
Folatej | 27.3 | (22.3–32.2) | 38.9 | (31.8–46.1)** | 28.0 | (22.9–33.1) | 26.6 | (21.6–31.6) |
Vitamin B12 | 11.3 | (8.7–13.9) | 12.2 | (9.4–15.1) | 10.9 | (8.4–13.4) | 10.0 | (7.6–12.5) |
Calcium | 44.6 | (37.8–51.4) | 44.92 | (38.3–51.6) | 45.49 | (38.3–52.7) | 42.4 | (35.8–49.0) |
Iron | 62.6 | (50.6–74.6) | 67.4 | (56.0–78.9) | 62.1 | (50.1–74.2) | 61.9 | (49.8–73.9) |
Magnesium | 86.9 | (83.5–90.4) | 88.7 | (85.3–92.0) | 63.3 | (57.1–69.4)*** | 87.5 | (84.1–90.9) |
Sodiumh | 81.4 | (76.6–86.2) | 80.7 | (75.6–85.8) | 80.9 | (75.9–85.9) | 81.2 | (76.4–85.9) |
Zinc | 44.2 | (38.5–49.9) | 51.2 | (45.1–57.2) | 46.3 | (40.1–52.4) | 45.5 | (39.5–51.5) |
 | Mean intake (95% CI) | |||||||
Energy (kcal) | 2309 | (2202–2416) | 2279 | (2172–2387) | 2300 | (2193–2408) | 2304 | (2198–2410) |
Protein, total (g) | 88 | (83–92) | 88 | (83–92) | 85 | (80–89) | 78 | (77–79)** |
Carbohydrate, total (g) | 289 | (275–304) | 256 | (254–258)** | 289 | (275–304) | 298 | (283–313) |
Fatty acids, total (g) | 87 | (81–92) | 88 | (82–93) | 85 | (79–90) | 88 | (82–93) |
Fiber (g) | 14 | (13–15) | 13 | (13–14) | 14 | (13–15) | 14 | (13–15) |
Eicosapentaenoic acid (g) | 0.02 | (0.02–0.03) | 0.02 | (0.02–0.03) | 0.023 | (0.02–0.02) | 0.019 | (0.02–0.02) |
Docosahexaenoic acid (g) | 0.07 | (0.06–0.08) | 0.07 | (0.06–0.08) | 0.079 | (0.06–0.08) | 0.069 | (0.06–0.08) |
α-linolenic acid (g) | 1.38 | (1.26–1.5) | 1.40 | (1.28–1.51) | 1.36 | (1.24–1.48) | 1.41 | (1.29–1.52) |
Vitamin K (μg) | 72 | (65–80) | 72 | (65–80) | 71 | (63–78) | 71 | (64–79) |
Choline (mg) | 269 | (251–287) | 286 | (267–305) | 316 | (294–337)** | 308 | (285–331)*** |
Potassium (mg) | 2252 | (2113–2392) | 2233 | (2092–2373) | 2215 | (2070–2360) | 2222 | (2083–2362) |
α-carotene (μg) | 352 | (274–430) | 309 | (252–367) | 307 | (200–414) | 314 | (174–453) |
β-carotene (μg) | 1395 | (1187–1603) | 1386 | (1176–1596) | 1368 | (1158–1578) | 1390 | (1181–1599) |
β-cryptoxanthin (μg) | 102 | (81–123) | 92 | (75–110) | 100 | (82–118) | 96 | (80–113) |
Lutein and zeaxanthin (μg) | 1040 | (914–1166) | 1034 | (916–1151) | 1158 | (1038–1279) | 1141 | (1013–1268) |
Lycopene (μg) | 7939 | (6436–9442) | 8249 | (6743–9756) | 8078 | (6402–9754) | 9180 | (7504–10,857) |