From: The relationship between nut intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a case control study
 | Men (n = 1875) |  | Women (n = 894) |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Cases (n = 625) | Controls (n = 1250) | P-valuea | Cases (n = 298) | Controls (n = 596) | P-valuea |
Age (years)b | 57.2 ± 9.4 | 56.6 ± 8.7 | 0.173 | 55.3 ± 10.2 | 54.9 ± 9.8 | 0.592 |
Marital status | Â | Â | <.001 | Â | Â | <.001 |
 Married | 557(89.1) | 1162(93.0) |  | 216(72.5) | 493(83.7) |  |
 Single | 66(10.6) | 72(5.8) |  | 80(26.9) | 98(16.5) |  |
 Missing | 2(0.3) | 16(1.2) |  | 2(0.5) | 5(0.8) |  |
Educational level | Â | Â | <.001 | Â | Â | <.001 |
 Less than high school | 183(29.2) | 175(14.0) |  | 138(46.3) | 106(17.8) |  |
 High school | 266(42.6) | 329(26.3) |  | 103(34.6) | 258(43.3) |  |
 College or above | 176(28.2) | 712(57.0) |  | 57(19.1) | 223(37.4) |  |
 Missing | 0(0.0) | 34(2.7) |  | 0(0.0) | 9(1.5) |  |
Income (1000 won/month) | Â | Â | <.001 | Â | Â | <.001 |
  < 2000 | 222(35.5) | 254(20.3) |  | 99(33.2) | 134(22.5) |  |
 2000–4000 | 253(40.5) | 534(42.7) |  | 134(45.0) | 218(36.6) |  |
  > 4000 | 150(24.0) | 363(29.1) |  | 65(21.8) | 184(30.9) |  |
 Missing | 0(0.0) | 99(7.9) |  | 0(0.0) | 60(10.0) |  |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | Â | Â | <.001 | Â | Â | 0.270 |
  < 25 | 432(69.1) | 734(58.7) |  | 207(69.5) | 435(73.0) |  |
  ≥ 25 | 192(30.7) | 516(41.3) |  | 91(30.5) | 161(27.0) |  |
 Missing | 1(0.2) | 0(0.0) |  | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |  |
Smoking status | Â | Â | 0.076 | Â | Â | <.001 |
 Non-smoker | 145(23.2) | 245(19.6) |  | 264(88.6) | 571(95.8) |  |
 Ex-smoker | 303(48.5) | 671(53.7) |  | 15(5.0) | 16(2.7) |  |
 Current smoker | 177(28.3) | 334(26.7) |  | 19(6.4) | 9(1.5) |  |
 Missing | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |  | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |  |
Alcohol consumption | Â | Â | 0.001 | Â | Â | 0.187 |
 Non-drinker | 107(17.1) | 199(16.0) |  | 172(57.7) | 362(60.7) |  |
 Ex-drinker | 103(16.5) | 136(10.9) |  | 26(8.7) | 33(5.5) |  |
 Current drinker | 415(66.4) | 915(73.1) |  | 100(33.6) | 201(33.7) |  |
 Missing | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |  | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |  |
Regular exercise | Â | Â | <.001 | Â | Â | <.001 |
 No | 387(61.9) | 490(39.2) |  | 225(75.5) | 262(44.0) |  |
 Yes | 238(38.1) | 715(57.2) |  | 73(24.5) | 333(55.9) |  |
 Missing | 0(0.0) | 45(3.6) |  | 0(0.0) | 1(0.1) |  |
First-degree family history of cancer | Â | Â | 0.002 | Â | Â | 0.141 |
 No | 392(62.7) | 686(54.9) |  | 171(57.4) | 311(52.2) |  |
 Yes | 233(37.3) | 560(44.8) |  | 127(42.6) | 285(47.8) |  |
 Missing | 0(0.0) | 4(0.3) |  | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |  |
First-degree family history of colorectal cancer | Â | Â | <.001 | Â | Â | 0.926 |
 No | 560(89.6) | 1188(95.0) |  | 277(93.0) | 555(93.1) |  |
 Yes | 65(10.4) | 58(4.6) |  | 21(7.1) | 41(6.9) |  |
 Missing | 0(0.0) | 4(0.4) |  | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |  |
Fruit and vegetable intake g/db | 279.4 ± 155.7 | 350.2 ± 236.7 | <.001 | 343.1 ± 192.8 | 470.7 ± 383.4 | <.001 |
Red meat intake, g/db | 56.0 ± 36.2 | 64.4 ± 41.9 | <.001 | 40.9 ± 26.9 | 43.7 ± 28.7 | <.001 |
Energy intake, kcal/db | 2127.7 ± 509.1 | 1731.6 ± 545.8 | <.001 | 1814.4 ± 523.5 | 1604.6 ± 577.4 | <.001 |