Dietary quality linkage to overall competence at school and emotional disturbance in representative Taiwanese young adolescents: dependence on gender, parental characteristics and personal behaviors

Huang, Lin-Yuan; Wahlqvist, Mark L.; Lee, Meei-Shyuan; Chiang, Po-Huang

doi:10.1186/s12937-018-0333-2

Table 3 Socio-demographic, behavioral, nutritional and pubertal β-coefficients from MLRs^a with R-square for SAED sub-items^b in boys

From: Dietary quality linkage to overall competence at school and emotional disturbance in representative Taiwanese young adolescents: dependence on gender, parental characteristics and personal behaviors

Characteristics	SAED Z-score
Characteristics	IL	RP	IB	UD	PF	SM	ED	SAED total
YHEI-TW	−0.05**	− 0.02	− 0.01	− 0.01	0.0002	− 0.02	− 0.03	− 0.03
Mother’s education (Ref: Low)
High (University and above)	− 0.36	0.45	0.25	0.01	−0.08	0.25	−0.002	0.01
Household income (Ref: 0–30,000 NTD/month)^c
30,000–50,000 NTD/month	− 0.56	− 0.40	− 0.26	0.56	0.35	0.51	− 0.21	− 0.16
50,000–80,000 NTD/month	− 0.92	− 0.78	− 1.13	− 0.30	− 0.06	− 0.28	− 0.91	− 0.89
> 80,000 NTD/month	− 0.67	− 0.37	− 0.55	− 0.15	0.36	− 0.53	− 0.47	− 0.48
Ever smoking (Ref: No)
Yes	1.87*	0.22	1.88**	1.23	0.38	2.15*	1.65*	1.73*
Read during weekdays (Ref: 0–1 h/day)
1–3 h/day	− 0.26	−0.24	− 0.59	− 0.50	− 0.12	− 0.03	−0.44	− 0.42
≥ 3 h/day	− 0.22	−0.45	− 0.49	−0.30	0.05	0.11	−0.36	−0.34
Watch TV during weekdays (Ref: 0–1 h/day)
1–3 h/day	0.31	0.21	−0.40	0.45	0.05	−0.38	0.14	0.11
≥ 3 h/day	1.19	0.50	1.02	1.61	2.03**	−0.99*	1.53*	1.40
Play computer games during weekdays (Ref: 0–1 h/day)
1–3 h/day	0.46	0.26	0.72	0.66	0.49	0.55	0.65	0.66
≥ 3 h/day	0.002	0.41	0.78	0.08	−0.71	−0.35	0.20	0.17
Moderate or heavy physical activity (Ref: 0–30 min/day)
≥ 30 min/day	0.07	0.35	−0.40	0.08	−0.75*	−0.37	− 0.14	−0.16
BMI (Ref: Normal weight)
Underweight	0.08	0.10	−0.19	−0.22	− 0.35	0.35	− 0.11	−0.08
Overweight	−0.15	1.32	0.66	0.46	0.02	0.74	0.46	0.49
Obesity	0.88	0.50	−0.22	−0.06	−0.15	− 0.38	0.34	0.30
Beard growth (Boys only) (Ref: Not yet)
At first	−0.39	0.004	−0.09	0.07	0.04	−0.03	−0.16	− 0.16
In progress	−0.62	− 0.74	−0.63	− 0.31	−0.43	− 0.34	−0.70	− 0.70
Completed	−0.02	− 0.50	0.55	− 0.70	−0.13	− 0.16	−0.09	− 0.10
R² with YHEI-TW	0.175	0.049	0.124	0.097	0.083	0.123	0.133	0.134
R² without YHEI-TW	0.159	0.047	0.124	0.096	0.083	0.119	0.128	0.129

^aMLRs, Multiple Linear Regressions
^bThe Scale for Assessing Emotional Disturbance (SAED) sub-items including Inability to learn (IL), Relationship problems (RP), Inappropriate behavior (IB), Unhappiness or depression (UD), Physical symptoms or fears (PF), Socially maladjusted (SM), and Emotional Disturbance (ED)
^c1 US dollars = 30 NTD
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001

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ISSN: 1475-2891

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