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Table 4 Associations between adolescents’ cognitive test-performances and nutritional variables or FFQ data at baseline

From: The effects of fatty fish intake on adolescents’ nutritional status and associations with attention performance: results from the FINS-TEENS randomized controlled trial

 

Unadjusteda

Adjustedb

 

Number

ß (95% CI)

P

Number

ß (95% CI)

P

Omega-3 Indexc

460

  

367

  

 Concentration performance (CP)

 

0.62 (−1.75, 2.99)

0.61

 

−1.43 (−4.07, 1.20)

0.29

 Total performance (TN-E)

 

−0.09 (−5.28, 5.11)

0.97

 

−3.56 (−9.42, 2.31)

0.23

 Processing speed (TN)

 

−0.67 (− 6.36, 5.02)

0.82

 

−2.93 (−9.36, 3.51)

0.37

s-25(OH)D

462

  

368

  

 Concentration performance (CP)

 

−0.04 (−0.21, 0.14)

0.69

 

−0.08 (− 0.28, 0.11)

0.41

 Total performance (TN-E)

 

−0.11 (− 0.50, 0.27)

0.56

 

−0.18 (0.62, 0.26)

0.43

 Processing speed (TN)

 

−0.17 (− 0.58, 0.25)

0.44

 

−0.18 (0.66, 0.31)

0.47

s-Ferritin

459

  

365

  

 Concentration performance (CP)

 

0.07 (−0.06, 0.20)

0.30

 

0.08 (−0.08, 0.22)

0.32

 Total performance (TN-E)

 

0.13 (−0.17, 0.42)

0.40

 

0.15 (−0.19, 0.49)

0.38

 Processing speed (TN)

 

0.06 (−0.23, 0.40)

0.60

 

0.13 (−0.24, 0.50)

0.50

UIC

452

  

359

  

 Concentration performance (CP)

 

0.04 (−0.01, 0.08)

0.13

 

0.01 (−0.04, 0.06)

0.68

 Total performance (TN-E)

 

0.03 (−0.08, 0.13)

0.63

 

−0.02 (− 0.14, 0.09)

0.70

 Processing speed (TN)

 

−0.02 (− 0.13, 0.09)

0.75

 

−0.05 (− 0.18, 0.07)

0.39

Diet scored

465

  

368

  

 Concentration performance (CP)

 

2.61 (0.54, 4.69)

0.014

 

1.09 (−1.31, 3.48)

0.38e

 Total performance (TN-E)

 

5.76 (1.35, 10.27)

0.012

 

4.32 (−1.00, 9.64)

0.11e

 Processing speed (TN)

 

5.54 (0.61, 10.48)

0.028

 

6.05 (0.24, 11.85)

0.04e

Fatty fish consumptionf

463

  

368

  

 Concentration performance (CP)

 

1.51 (−1.78, 4.81)

0.37

 

1.92 (−1.67, 5.52)

0.29

 Total performance (TN-E)

 

5.86 (−1.23, 12.95)

0.11

 

6.98 (−0.98, 14.93

0.09

 Processing speed (TN)

 

8.51 (0.80, 16.23)

0.031

 

10.08 (1.42, 18.74)

0.023

  1. Abbreviations: FFQ food frequency questionnaire, 25(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D, s-Ferritin serum ferritin, UIC urinary iodine concentration
  2. aLinear mixed effects model with school class as random intercept
  3. bLinear mixed effects model with school class as random intercept, adjusted for age, sex, parental educational level and physical activity level
  4. cThe content of EPA and DHA expressed as percent of total fatty acids [6]
  5. dA score including the reported intake of fruits, vegetables, wholegrain, fish, red meat, dairy products, added sugar, water and physical activity according to the Norwegian dietary recommendations. Range: 0–8 points [21]
  6. eNot adjusted for physical activity
  7. fReported frequency of eating salmon, herring and mackerel from the FFQ