%/ mean(SD) | Lucknow N = 2000 | Nagpur N = 1640 | Hyderabad N = 1995 | Bangalore N = 1432 | Total N = 7067 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 43.8(8.5) | 29.5(6.4) | 44.7(9.1) | 43.9(8.6) | 40.8(10.3) |
Gender | |||||
 Male | 61.5 | 62.9 | 52.8 | 56.3 | 58.3 |
 Female | 38.5 | 37.0 | 47.2 | 43.7 | 41.6 |
Illiterate | 7.0 | 2.0 | 19.7 | 5.2 | 9.0 |
Standard of living indexa | 22.7(6.4) | 17.8(5.2) | 19.2(6.9) | 20.0(5.8) | 20.0(6.4) |
Migrant Status | |||||
 Rural | 28.6 | 28.9 | 33.6 | 27.3 | 29.8 |
 Migrants | 28.6 | 29.0 | 33.6 | 27.4 | 29.8 |
 Urban | 41.0 | 28.9 | 19.2 | 43.1 | 32.3 |
Smoking | |||||
 Never | 86.7 | 92.0 | 84.3 | 86.3 | 87.2 |
 Former | 1.8 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.3 |
 Current | 11.4 | 6.4 | 12.8 | 10.4 | 10.4 |
Tobacco Chewing | |||||
 Never | 80.7 | 69.3 | 90.5 | 95.2 | 83.8 |
 Former | 2.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.1 |
 Current | 16.6 | 28.9 | 7.5 | 2.5 | 14.0 |
Alcohol | |||||
 Never | 86.5 | 88.5 | 64.8 | 87.1 | 80.7 |
 Former | 2.6 | 2.3 | 4.4 | 2.7 | 3.1 |
 Current | 10.8 | 9.2 | 31.6 | 10.1 | 16.1 |
Diabetes b | |||||
 No | 86.7 | 97.4 | 88.7 | 86.8 | 89.8 |
 Yes | 13.3 | 1.6 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 9.8 |
Hypertensionb | |||||
 No | 70.6 | 93.8 | 66.5 | 72.8 | 75.2 |
 Yes | 29.4 | 5.9 | 33.4 | 27.0 | 24.6 |
Systolic blood pressure mm/Hg | 123.4 (17.2) | 113.8 (11.7) | 127.3 (18.9) | 123.1 (17.3) | 122.2 (17.4) |
Diastolic blood pressure mm/Hg | 77.3 (10.7) | 73.0 (8.7) | 81.6 (11.3) | 79.2 (10.9) | 77.9 (10.9) |
Physical activity METSc hr./week | 38.7(4.0) | 40.2(5.0) | 37.9(4.7) | 38.7(4.3) | 38.8(4.6) |
BMId kg/m2 | 24.4(4.4) | 20.9(3.3) | 24.6(4.4) | 25.0(4.3) | 23.8(4.5) |
Dietary patterns in tertiles | |||||
Cereal-savoury foods pattern | |||||
 T1 | 89.6 | 33.1 | 0.9 | 0.07 | 33.3 |
 T2 | 9.4 | 57.9 | 49.1 | 16.6 | 33.3 |
 T3 | 0.9 | 8.9 | 49.9 | 83.3 | 33.3 |
Fruits-vegetables-sweets-snacks pattern | |||||
 T1 | 20.3 | 17.2 | 53.1 | 42.2 | 33.3 |
 T2 | 41.2 | 34.3 | 26.3 | 30.9 | 33.3 |
 T3 | 38.4 | 48.3 | 20.5 | 26.8 | 33.3 |
Animal food pattern (fish-red meat-egg-poultry) | |||||
 T1 | 51.4 | 39.7 | 15.4 | 25.7 | 33.3 |
 T2 | 34.9 | 33.0 | 34.8 | 29.4 | 33.3 |
 T3 | 13.7 | 27.2 | 49.7 | 44.9 | 33.3 |
Biomarker levels [mean (±SD)] | |||||
 Fasting blood glucose mmol/l | 5.7 (1.8) | 4.8 (0.9) | 5.1 (0.8) | 5.5 (1.7) | 5.3 (1.4) |
 Total cholesterol mmol/l | 4.7 (1.1) | 4.4 (1.1) | 4.8 (1.1) | 4.9 (1.1) | 4.7 (1.1) |
 Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol mmol/l | 2.8 (0.9) | 2.7 (0.9) | 2.9 (1.0) | 3.1 (0.9) | 2.9 (0.9) |
 High-density lipoprotein cholesterol mmol/l | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.2) |
 Triglycerides mmol/l | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.3 (0.6) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.5 (0.8) |