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Table 3 Dietary, demographic and cardiometabolic characteristics of Australian adults across sex-specific tertiles (T) of diet quality (n = 2121)a

From: Association between diet quality, dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health in Australian adults: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

All

Diet quality

P-trendb

T1

T2

T3

Dietary

 DGI

81.8 ± 0.58

67.0 ± 0.49

82.1 ± 0.21

96.2 ± 0.41

< 0.001

 Dietary pattern 1

0.07 ± 0.04

− 0.58 ± 0.06

0.07 ± 0.07

0.72 ± 0.06

< 0.001

 Dietary pattern 2

0.01 ± 0.04

− 0.31 ± 0.06

0.10 ± 0.05

0.24 ± 0.06

< 0.001

 Fibre density, g/MJ

2.87 ± 0.04

2.23 ± 0.04

2.85 ± 0.06

3.54 ± 0.07

< 0.001

 SFA: PUFA

2.69 ± 0.05

2.89 ± 0.09

2.72 ± 0.08

2.47 ± 0.07

< 0.001

 Sugar, %E

19.0 ± 0.24

18.2 ± 0.40

19.5 ± 0.37

19.4 ± 0.39

0.054

Demographic

 Age, y

46.4 ± 0.48

44.3 ± 1.20

47.1 ± 0.95

47.7 ± 1.29

0.11

 Female, %

49.8

47.4

48.5

53.6

0.27

 Country of birth (English speaking)

79.8

82.2

78.4

78.9

0.51

 Highest level of education

     

  Low

19.5

22.9

18.5

17.1

0.025

  Medium

49.6

51.6

52.0

45.2

 

  High

30.9

25.5

29.6

37.7

 

 Smoking, %

  Current smoker

11.9

18.1

11.9

5.81

< 0.001

  Former smoker

33.4

37.1

32.6

30.3

 

  Never smoked

54.7

44.8

55.5

63.9

 

Meet PA recommendations, %

50.2

42.8

53.5

54.3

0.036

Sedentary time, min/d

343 ± 5.8

350 ± 10.2

336 ± 11.2

344 ± 8.43

0.64

Cardiometabolic

 HbA1c, mmol/mol

35.6 ± 0.20

35.6 ± 0.32

35.9 ± 0.30

35.4 ± 0.36

0.71

 Plasma glucose, mmol/L

5.08 ± 0.02

5.12 ± 0.04

5.12 ± 0.04

5.00 ± 0.04

0.050

 Total cholesterol, mmol/L

5.00 ± 0.04

5.00 ± 0.05

5.00 ± 0.07

5.00 ± 0.05

0.88

 HDL cholesterol, mmol/L

1.35 ± 0.12

1.35 ± 0.02

1.36 ± 0.02

1.34 ± 0.02

0.57

 LDL cholesterol, mmol/L

3.08 ± 0.03

3.07 ± 0.05

3.08 ± 0.06

3.08 ± 0.04

0.72

 Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.23 ± 0.02

1.23 ± 0.04

1.20 ± 0.04

1.27 ± 0.04

0.76

 Apolipoprotein B, g/L

1.00 ± 0.01

1.00 ± 0.18

1.00 ± 0.02

1.01 ± 0.01

0.29

 BMI, kg/m2

27.0 ± 0.19

27.4 ± 0.34

26.7 ± 0.32

26.8 ± 0.35

0.23

 BMI category, %

  Underweight/normal weight

40.4

38.1

39.4

43.7

0.32

  Overweight

35.1

33.7

36.4

35.1

 

  Obese

24.5

28.2

24.2

21.2

 

 Waist circumference, cm

91.3 ± 0.46

92.6 ± 0.91

91.0 ± 0.90

90.3 ± 0.94

0.14

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

121 ± 0.58

120 ± 1.11

121 ± 1.10

122 ± 1.18

0.36

 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

75.6 ± 0.39

75.4 ± 0.75

75.4 ± 0.62

76.0 ± 0.84

0.65

 Overall cardiometabolic risk score

− 0.11 ± 0.02

− 0.10 ± 0.04

− 0.11 ± 0.04

− 0.12 ± 0.04

0.69

  1. aBMI body mass index, DP dietary pattern; Education: low (completed some high-school or less), medium (completed high-school or completed some high-school and/or certificate/diploma) and high (having a tertiary qualification). BMI category: underweight/normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2), obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2); Overall cardiometabolic risk score was based on WC, TAG, HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure (average blood pressure was used as an index for systolic and diastolic blood pressure), and fasting plasma glucose based on an established methodology [30]. Values represent mean ± SE after adjustment for survey weighting. Where transformed for regression analyses, values represent exponentiated geometric mean ± SE
  2. bLinear regression analyses (continuous variables) and χ2 (categorical variables) were used to test for trends across tertiles
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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