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Table 2 Comparison of infants’ anthropometric indexes by volume of formula milk consumption at 3 mo of age

From: Early feeding of larger volumes of formula milk is associated with greater body weight or overweight in later infancy

  

Feeding groups

    

Variable and age

n

BM

LFM

HFM

Pa

Pb

Pc

Pd

Body Weight (kg)

 

610(55.5)

363(33.2)

120(11.0)

 

 At birth

1093

3.33 ± 0.39

3.34 ± 0.38

3.36 ± 0.42

0.782

0.890

0.483

0.563

 3mo

1085

6.93 ± 0.84

6.90 ± 0.79

7.12 ± 0.72

0.029

0.515

0.019

0.009

 6mo

1093

8.51 ± 1.00

8.61 ± 1.02

8.85 ± 0.87

0.002

0.118

0.022

0.022

 12mo

1093

10.11 ± 1.07

10.4 ± 1.10

10.73 ± 0.99

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.004

Body Length (cm)

 At birth

1093

50.1 ± 1.24

50.28 ± 1.31

50.11 ± 1.28

0.095

0.035

0.963

0.199

 3mo

1085

62.34 ± 2.16

62.5 ± 2.3

63.07 ± 2.47

0.005

0.275

0.001

0.016

 6mo

1093

68.34 ± 2.33

68.64 ± 2.45

69.04 ± 2.51

0.007

0.057

0.004

0.117

 12mo

1093

76.35 ± 2.41

76.92 ± 2.85

77.46 ± 2.61

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.045

WLZ

 At birth

1093

−0.19 ± 1.03

−0.29 ± 0.99

−0.1 ± 1.00

0.147

0.143

0.369

0.076

 3mo

1085

0.64 ± 1.08

0.51 ± 0.97

0.65 ± 0.8

0.150

0.064

0.198

0.198

 6mo

1093

0.74 ± 1.02

0.76 ± 0.98

0.96 ± 0.93

0.080

0.749

0.055

0.055

 12mo

1093

0.56 ± 0.93

0.73 ± 0.91

0.96 ± 0.81

<0.001

0.003

<0.001

0.020

BAZ

 At birth

1093

−0.15 ± 1.01

−0.21 ± 0.96

−0.08 ± 1

0.387

0.326

0.488

0.202

 3mo

1085

0.68 ± 1.07

0.55 ± 0.95

0.7 ± 0.77

0.105

0.047

0.816

0.140

 6mo

1093

0.64 ± 1.03

0.66 ± 1

0.86 ± 0.94

0.098

0.828

0.033

0.593

 12mo

1093

0.5 ± 0.95

0.65 ± 0.93

0.83 ± 0.83

<0.001

0.012

<0.001

0.061

  1. aOne-way ANOVA for continuous variables were used to compare the 3 groups
  2. bComparison between BM and LFM.c Comparison between BM and HFM.d Comparison between LFM and HFM.BM, no formula milk; LFM, <840 ml formula milk/d; HFM,≥840 ml formula milk/d; WLZ, weight-for-length z-scores; BAZ, BMI-for-age z score