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Table 3 Demographic, physical activity and other lifestyle characteristics within the first and fourth quartile of the dietary pattern

From: Dietary patterns and physical activity in the metabolically (un)healthy obese: the Dutch Lifelines cohort study

 

Savory snacks and sweets

Meat and alcohol

Bread, potatoes and

sweet snacks

Fruit, vegetables and fish

 

Q1

Q4

Q1

Q4

Q1

Q4

Q1

Q4

N

2317

2317

2317

2317

2317

2317

2317

2317

Males (%)

860 (37.1)

860 (37.1)

860 (37.1)

860 (37.1)

860 (37.1)

860 (37.1)

860 (37.1)

859 (37.1)

Age (years), mean ± sd

53.9 ± 9.9

44.2 ± 7.4 b

47.9 ± 10.1

48.7 ± 8.9

49.0 ± 9.5

48.4 ± 9.8

44.8 ± 8.1

51.6 ± 9.9 b

BMI (kg/m2), median [IQR]

33.5 [30.9–34.7]

32.6 [31.1–35.3] a

32.5 [30.9–34.8]

32.5 [31.0–35.2]

32.4 [30.9–34.8]

32.4 [30.9–34.9]

32.7 [31.1–35.4]

32.3 [30.9–34.6] b

Metabolic health (%)

 MUO

46.4

40.1 b

42.1

43.8

39.4

44.9 a

44.8

41.3

 Intermediate

38.6

37.5

36.3

37.9

38.5

37.4

36.7

38.9

 MHO

15.0

22.4 b

21.7

18.3 a

22.1

17.7 a

18.5

19.8

Energy intake (kcal/day)

1486 ± 412

2279 ± 411b

1572 ± 449

2191 ± 456 b

1504 ± 432

2256 ± 404 b

1973 ± 511

1813 ± 490 b

MVPA (min/week)

280 [110–720]

255 [90–769]

268 [90–720]

280 [90–780]

250 [75–660]

300 [100–840] b

270 [60–960]

290 [120–680]

Moderate PA score

225 [0–1350]

300 [0–2625] a

240 [0–2025]

300 [0–1700] a

300 [0–1700]

300 [0–2700] a

300 [0–3780]

300 [0–1500] a

Vigorous PA score

960 [105–2160]

645 [0–1600] b

800 [48–1920]

640 [0–1680] b

720 [0–1800]

780 [80–1920] a

480 [0–1440]

960 [240–2160] b

Education level (%)

 Low

52.1

29.8 b

37.1

41.4 a

32.2

46.9 b

47.5

32.8 b

 Middle

33.4

45.7 b

41.1

40.5

40.1

39.4

41.1

38.5

 High

14.5

24.5 b

21.8

18.1 a

27.7

13.8 b

11.4

28.6 b

Smoking (%)

 Non

38.6

46.3 b

54.4

31.3 b

38.6

46.6 b

39.0

44.2 a

 Former

45.0

34.0 b

34.9

42.8 b

42.4

37.5 a

30.3

46.7 b

 Current

16.4

19.7 a

10.7

25.9 b

19.0

15.9 a

30.7

9.1 b

Alcohol use (%)

 Non

30.0

23.4 b

39.3

14.3 b

16.9

32.8 b

29.6

22.4 b

  ≤ 2 drinks/day

63.9

68.3*

60.1

66.6 b

69.5

64.2 a

59.8

71.0 b

  > 2 drinks/day

6.1

8.2 *

0.6

19.0 b

13.6

3.0 b

10.6

6.6 b

(Self-) prescribed diet (%)

18.2

3.9 b

11.8

7.0 b

15.8

5.2 b

3.5

18.9 b

Type 2 diabetes (%)

10.3

2.8 b

5.6

5.0

4.5

5.4

3.2

6.6 b

CVD history (%)

4.4

1.2 b

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

1.8

3.4 a

Use of BP lowering drug (%)

37.3

17.7 b

24.3

25.2

25.2

24.5

19.5

29.4 b

  1. Data is presented as mean ± SD or median [interquartile range] or percentage (%). * denotes a P ≤ 0.05, a denotes a P ≤ 0.01 and b denotes a P ≤ 0.0001 compared to Q1 of the same dietary pattern. BMI body mass index, MUO metabolically unhealthy obesity, MHO metabolically healthy obesity, MVPA moderate–vigorous physical activity, PA physical activity, CVD cardiovascular disease, BP blood pressure. Education level: low (no formal education, only primary school or intermediate vocational education), middle (higher secondary education) or high (higher vocational education and university)