Table 2 Characteristics of study participants by age of children in Ethiopia, 2014
Characteristics | Overall | 0–5 months | 6–23 months | 24–59 months | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 3788 | 601 | 896 | 2287 | |
Sex of children | |||||
Male | 1850 (48.8%) | 284 (47.3%) | 438 (48.9%) | 1126 (49.2%) | 0.680 |
Female | 1805 (47.7%) | 294 (48.9%) | 433 (48.3%) | 1076 (47.0%) | |
Missing | 133 (3.5%) | 23 (3.8%) | 25 (2.8%) | 85 (3.7%) | |
Sex of household head | |||||
Male | 3438 (90.8%) | 560 (93.2%) | 820 (91.5%) | 2055 (89.9%) | 0.098 |
Female | 231 (6.1%) | 26 (4.3%) | 53 (5.9%) | 151 (6.6%) | |
Missing | 119 (3.1%) | 15 (2.5%) | 23 (2.6%) | 81 (3.5%) | |
Number of under 5 children in the household | |||||
One Child | 2353 (62.1%) | 259 (43.1%) | 505 (56.4%) | 1585 (69.3%) | <0.001 |
Two children | 1313 (34.7%) | 300 (49.9%) | 372 (41.5%) | 641 (28.0%) | |
More than three children | 97 (2.6%) | 40 (6.7%) | 18 (2.0%) | 39 (1.7%) | |
Missing | 25 (0.7%) | 2 (0.3%) | 1 (0.1%) | 22 (1.0%) | |
Maternal age, median (IQR) | 29.0 (25.0, 35.0) | 27.0 (23.0, 32.0) | 28.0 (23.0, 33.0) | 30.0 (25.0, 35.0) | <0.001 |
Maternal education | |||||
No education | 2069 (54.6%) | 274 (45.6%) | 454 (50.7%) | 1339 (58.5%) | <0.001 |
Primary | 1364 (36.0%) | 265 (44.1%) | 351 (39.2%) | 746 (32.6%) | |
Secondary and above | 193 (5.1%) | 41 (6.8%) | 50 (5.6%) | 102 (4.5%) | |
Missing | 162 (4.3%) | 21 (3.5%) | 41 (4.6%) | 100 (4.4%) | |
Paternal education | |||||
No education | 1283 (33.9%) | 177 (29.5%) | 282 (31.5%) | 823 (36.0%) | 0.004 |
Primary | 1644 (43.4%) | 293 (48.8%) | 397 (44.3%) | 952 (41.6%) | |
Secondary and above | 417 (11.0%) | 73 (12.1%) | 106 (11.8%) | 238 (10.4%) | |
Missing | 444 (11.7%) | 58 (9.7%) | 111 (12.4%) | 274 (12.0%) | |
Maternal body-mas index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 20.2 (2.4) | 20.9 (2.4) | 20.0 (2.3) | 20.1 (2.4) | <0.001 |
Maternal Height (meter), mean (SD) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 0.550 |
Place of delivery | |||||
Home | 2371 (62.6%) | 263 (43.8%) | 483 (53.9%) | 1623 (71.0%) | <0.001 |
Health facility | 1346 (35.5%) | 327 (54.4%) | 398 (44.4%) | 619 (27.1%) | |
Other | 71 (1.9%) | 11 (1.8%) | 15 (1.7%) | 45 (2.0%) | |
Water source | |||||
Piped water | 1694 (44.7%) | 279 (46.4%) | 399 (44.5%) | 1014 (44.3%) | 0.740 |
Other improved | 1104 (29.1%) | 168 (28.0%) | 253 (28.2%) | 683 (29.9%) | |
Unimproved | 990 (26.1%) | 154 (25.6%) | 244 (27.2%) | 590 (25.8%) | |
Latrine type | |||||
Traditional pit latrine | 3087 (81.5%) | 493 (82.0%) | 735 (82.0%) | 1857 (81.2%) | 0.015 |
Improved latrine | 25 (0.7%) | 10 (1.7%) | 3 (0.3%) | 12 (0.5%) | |
No facility/bush/field | 676 (17.8%) | 98 (16.3%) | 158 (17.6%) | 418 (18.3%) | |
Income quantile | |||||
Poorest | 603 (15.9%) | 87 (14.5%) | 151 (16.9%) | 364 (15.9%) | 0.470 |
Poorer | 602 (15.9%) | 96 (16.0%) | 134 (15.0%) | 372 (16.3%) | |
Middle | 602 (15.9%) | 84 (14.0%) | 142 (15.8%) | 376 (16.4%) | |
Richer | 602 (15.9%) | 109 (18.1%) | 136 (15.2%) | 356 (15.6%) | |
Richest | 602 (15.9%) | 106 (17.6%) | 144 (16.1%) | 351 (15.3%) | |
Missing | 777 (20.5%) | 119 (19.8%) | 189 (21.1%) | 468 (20.5%) | |
Stunted | |||||
No | 2161 (57.0%) | 510 (84.9%) | 539 (60.2%) | 1109 (48.5%) | <0.001 |
Yes | 1459 (38.5%) | 45 (7.5%) | 330 (36.8%) | 1084 (47.4%) | |
Missing | 168 (4.4%) | 46 (7.7%) | 27 (3.0%) | 94 (4.1%) | |
Height-for-age z-score, mean (SD) | −1.6 (1.8) | 0.0 (1.6) | −1.5 (1.6) | −2.0 (1.6) | <0.001 |
Underweight | |||||
No | 2986 (78.8%) | 563 (93.7%) | 704 (78.6%) | 1715 (75.0%) | <0.001 |
Yes | 802 (21.2%) | 38 (6.3%) | 192 (21.4%) | 572 (25.0%) | |
Weight-for-age z-score, mean (SD) | −1.0 (2.3) | 0.2 (3.7) | −1.0 (2.3) | −1.3 (1.6) | <0.001 |