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Table 4 Biological measures of study participants in the weight reduction intervention

From: Walnut consumption in a weight reduction intervention: effects on body weight, biological measures, blood pressure and satiety

 

Standard reduced-energy-density diet

Walnut-enriched reduced-energy diet

p (between groups)

p (group x time interaction)

 

Mean(SE)

Mean(SE)

  

Cholesterol, mg/dL

0.84

 Baseline

200 (5)

203 (6)

0.76

 3 Months

199 (5)

198 (5)

0.95

 6 Months

194 (6)

194 (6) a

0.91

Triglycerides, mg/dL

0.50

 Baseline

130 (10)

123 (7)

0.55

 3 Months

110 (8) a

115 (9)

0.66

 6 Months

109 (9) a

103 (6) a

0.61

HDL cholesterol, mg/dL

0.08

 Baseline

58 (2)

59 (2)

0.70

 3 Months

60 (2)

58 (2)

0.37

 6 Months

60 (2)

61 (2)

0.94

LDL Cholesterol, mg/dL

0.60

 Baseline

116 (4)

121 (5)

0.42

 3 Months

116 (5)

116 (4)

0.80

 6 Months

112 (5)

112 (5) a

0.96

Alpha-tocopherol, μmol/L

0.96

 Baseline

30.5 (1.3)

30.8 (1.0)

0.83

 3 Months

30.0 (1.1)

30.3 (1.2)

0.72

 6 Months

31.6 (1.2)

32.2 (1.3)

0.84

Beta-tocopherol, μmol/L

0.70

 Baseline

0.33 (0.02)

0.33 (0.01)

0.38

 3 Months

0.38 (0.01) a

0.27 (0.01) a

0.38

 6 Months

0.28 (0.01) a

0.26 (0.01) a

0.99

Gamma-tocopherol, μmol/L

0.48

 Baseline

4.23 (0.29)

3.99 (0.27)

0.55

 3 Months

4.04 (0.31)

4.13 (0.20)

0.82

 6 Months

4.08 (0.33)

4.30 (0.29)

0.74

Delta-tocopherol, μmol/L

0.98

 Baseline

0.11 (0.01)

0.11 (0.01)

0.82

 3 Months

0.10 (0.01)

0.10 (0.01)

0.88

 6 Months

0.09 (0.01) a

0.08 (0.01) a

0.76

Linoleic acid, %

<0.001

 Baseline

0.111 (0.002)

0.110 (0.002)

0.77

 3 Months

0.104 (0.002) a

0.111 (0.002)

0.004

 6 Months

0.107 (0.002) a

0.112 (0.001) a

0.01

Alpha-linolenic acid, %

<0.001

 Baseline

0.00122 (0.00006)

0.00118 (0.00004)

0.57

 3 Months

0.00105 (0.00006) a

0.00147 (0.00005) a

<0.001

 6 Months

0.00118 (0.00005)

0.00158 (0.00007) a

<0.001

  1. a Different from baseline within group, p < 0.05