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Table 3 Odds Ratios (95% CIs) for AMD according to dietary intake in nonsmokers and smokers

From: Associations between fruit and vegetable, and antioxidant nutrient intake and age-related macular degeneration by smoking status in elderly Korean men

 

Nonsmokers (n = 227)

Former smokers (n = 856)

Current smokers (n = 331)

n

AMD

Median

Model 1a

Model 2b

n

AMD

Median

Model 1a

Model 2c

n

AMD

Median

Model 1a

Model 2d

Fruits and vegetables (g/d)

 Tertile 1

75

8

194.1

1.00

1.00

285

43

195.3

1.00

1.00

110

22

159.6

1.00

1.00

 Tertile 2

76

16

481.9

1.93 (0.73–5.12)

2.09 (0.70–6.29)

286

31

443.0

0.69 (0.38–1.25)

0.65 (0.37–1.16)

111

19

366.3

0.79 (0.33–1.86)

0.64 (0.26–1.60)

 Tertile 3

76

11

925.1

1.38 (0.43–4.44)

1.28 (0.34–4.82)

285

41

834.2

1.23 (0.64–2.35)

1.17 (0.64–2.15)

110

15

639.1

0.65 (0.25–1.68)

0.36 (0.14–0.96)

P for trend

  

0.6838

0.9960

   

0.4561

0.4836

   

0.3844

0.0576

Vitamin C (mg/d)

 Tertile 1

75

11

40.8

1.00

1.00

285

42

34.5

1.00

1.00

110

21

28.5

1.00

1.00

 Tertile 2

76

14

84.5

1.65 (0.59–4.63)

1.51 (0.53–4.29)

286

25

75.9

0.66 (0.37–1.19)

0.65 (0.35–1.19)

111

18

64.8

0.49 (0.21–1.14)

0.36 (0.15–0.86)

 Tertile 3

76

10

159.8

1.15 (0.35–3.74)

0.76 (0.23–2.58)

285

48

160.6

1.59 (0.88–2.88)

1.57 (0.89–2.75)

110

17

132.6

0.64 (0.27–1.52)

0.32 (0.12–0.85)

P for trend

  

0.9692

0.5177

   

0.0770

0.0523

   

0.4130

0.0561

Vitamin A (μgRE/d)

 Tertile 1

75

10

221.0

1.00

1.00

285

44

196.8

1.00

1.00

110

22

156.5

1.00

1.00

 Tertile 2

76

12

569.1

1.02 (0.34–3.11)

1.00 (0.31–3.25)

286

36

512.7

0.80 (0.43–1.46)

0.76 (0.42–1.37)

111

16

454.8

0.54 (0.23–1.27)

0.43 (0.17–1.07)

 Tertile 3

76

13

1229.3

1.28 (0.44–3.68)

1.05 (0.32–3.41)

285

35

1228.4

0.97 (0.51–1.84)

0.92 (0.50–1.70)

110

18

968.2

0.47 (0.18–1.20)

0.37 (0.13–1.08)

P for trend

  

0.5544

0.8523

   

0.4956

0.9725

   

0.0689

0.0740

α-carotene (mg/d)

 Tertile 1

75

10

0.05

1.00

1.00

285

38

0.04

1.00

1.00

110

22

0.04

1.00

1.00

 Tertile 2

76

11

0.25

1.38 (0.45–4.18)

1.47 (0.42–5.06)

286

43

0.17

1.24 (0.74–2.09)

1.28 (0.76–2.15)

111

23

0.14

0.65 (0.30–1.39)

0.53 (0.26–1.10)

 Tertile 3

76

14

1.51

2.40 (0.81–7.10)

2.20 (0.67–7.21)

285

34

1.28

1.01 (0.53–1.92)

1.07 (0.56–2.03)

110

11

1.15

0.29 (0.12–0.73)

0.23 (0.08–0.67)

P for trend

  

0.1364

0.2745

   

0.7751

0.8183

   

0.0038

0.0038

β-carotene (mg/d)

 Tertile 1

75

10

1.30

1.00

1.00

285

46

1.00

1.00

1.00

110

25

0.88

1.00

1.00

 Tertile 2

76

14

2.98

2.12 (0.72–6.22)

2.05 (0.69–6.13)

286

34

2.73

0.79 (0.47–1.35)

0.76 (0.45–1.29)

111

16

2.28

0.36 (0.16–0.82)

0.27 (0.11–0.63)

 Tertile 3

76

11

7.41

1.36 (0.43–4.28)

1.16 (0.30–4.45)

285

35

7.19

0.94 (0.51–1.74)

0.91 (0.48–1.73)

110

15

5.76

0.24 (0.09–0.62)

0.13 (0.04–0.46)

P for trend

  

0.8311

0.8847

   

0.9707

0.9439

   

0.0028

0.0003

  1. AMD age related macular degeneration, BMI body mass index
  2. aModel 1 adjusted for age, BMI, residential area, education level, and family income
  3. bModel 2 adjusted for age, BMI, residential area, education level, family income, alcohol consumption, dietary supplement use, and total energy intake
  4. cModel 2 adjusted for age, BMI, residential area, education level, family income, alcohol consumption, dietary supplement use, total energy intake, daily smoking amount of former smokers, and duration of former smoking
  5. dModel 2 adjusted for age, BMI, residential area, education level, family income, alcohol consumption, dietary supplement use, total energy intake, daily smoking amount of current smokers, and duration of smoking
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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