Table 3 Associations reported for dietary factors and C-reactive protein (n = 62)

Aeberli et al. 2006, Switzerland [16]

n: 79;

age: 6-14;

female: 46.8%

Cross-sectional

24 h recall; 1 day food record

Yes

no

Fat

Fat (% energy)

SFA

PUFA

MUFA

Dairy products

Meat

Plant oils

Animal fat

0.28**

0.28**

0.24*

0.21*

0.27*

n.s.

n.s.

0.24*

n.s.

Multiple regression and ANCOVA,

β-coefficient

Yes

3

Au et al. 2012, USA [42]

n: 148;

age: 9-15;

female: 58.8%

Cross-sectional

FFQ

Yes

no

SFA

MUFA

PUFA

Carbohydrates

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

Linear regression,

β-coefficient

Yes

3

Chan et al. 2015, Australia [43]

n: 2262;

age: 14, 17;

female: 50.4%

Prospective cohort study

FFQ

Unknown

n: 1458

DGI-CA

n.s.

Linear regression,

β-coefficient

Unknown

7

Gonzalez Gil et al. 2015, Multiple European countries [44]

n: 3884;

age: 6-9;

female: 50.9%

Cross-sectional

FFQ

No

Boys

Girls

Raw vegetables

Raw vegetables

0.7*

n.s.

Multilevel ordinal logistic regression,

Odds ratio

Unknown

5

Holt et al. 2009, USA [45]

n: 285;

age: 13-17;

female: 45.6%

Cross –sectional; Cohort study

FFQ

Yes

no

Fruits (no fruit juice)

Fruit juice

Vegetables

French fries

Legumes

Fruits/Vegetables

−0.19**

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

−0.15*

Spearman partial correlation coefficients, Correlation coefficient

Yes

4

Hur et al. 2012, USA [18]

n: 4928;

age: 12-19;

female: 49.4%

Cross-sectional

24 h recall

Unknown

Boys

Girls

Whole grains

Whole grains

n.s.^a

significant^a

Multiple linear regression, Adjusted mean values

No

8

Kosova et al. 2013, USA [46]

n: 4880;

age: 3-11;

female: 49.3%

Cross-sectional

24 h recall

Unknown

Age 3-5

(n: 1227)

SSB

n.s.

Linear regression, Adjusted

β-coefficient

No

9

Age 6-8

(n: 1316)

SSB

n.s.

Age 9-11

(n: 1375)

SSB

0.01*

Lin et al. 2014, Multiple European countries [47]

n: 1804;

age: 12.5-17.5;

female: 52.6%

Cross-sectional

24 h recall

Yes

no

Dietary fiber

Soluble Fiber

Insoluble Fiber

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

GLM multivariate analysis,

β-coefficient

Unknown

6

Qureshi et al. 2009, USA [48]

n: 4110;

age: 5-16;

female: 49.9%

Cross-sectional

24 h recall

Unknown

no

Dairy products

Milk

Cheese

Yoghurt

Grains

Refined grains

Whole grains

Fruits

Citrus, melon, berries

Other fruits

Vegetables

Non starchy vegetables

significant^a

significant^a

n.s.^a

n.s.^a

significant^a

significant^a

n.s.^a

n.s.^a

significant^a

n.s.^a

significant^a

significant^a

ANOVA, Mean differences

No

7

Dark green vegetables

Deep yellow/orange

n.s.^a

Vegetables

Tomatoes

n.s.^a

Starchy vegetables

Legumes

Potatoes

Meat/other Proteins

Red meat

White meat

Other Proteins sources

significant^a

significant^a

n.s.^a

n.s.^a

n.s.^a

n.s.^a

n.s.^a

n.s.^a

Thomas et al. 2008, UK [17]

n: 164;

age: 12-13;

female: 54.3%

Cross-sectional

FFQ, food diary

Yes

Boys

Girls

Fat

SFA

Fat

SFA

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

Pearson correlation, Partial correlation coefficient

No

4

Truthmann et al. 2012, Germany [34]

n: 5198;

age:12-17;

female: 49.1%

Cross-sectional

FFQ

Yes

Boys

(n: 2554)

HFD

HuSKY

IFI

F & V Index

HFD

HuSKY

IFI

F & V Index

n.s.

−8.20*

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

−14.00**

n.s.

Linear regression,

β-coefficient

No

10

Girls

(n: 2438)

Vyncke et al. 2013, Multiple European Countries [49]

n: 552;

age: 12.5-17.5;

female: 52.0%

Cross-sectional

24 h recall

Yes

Boys

Girls

DQI-A

DQI-A

n.s.

n.s.

Multilevel regression models, β-coefficient

Yes

2

Zhu et al. 2014, USA [50]

n: 5124;

age: 2-18;

female: 51.3%

Cross-sectional

FFQ

Unknown

n: 3769

Yoghurt

n.s.^a

Linear regression,

Least square means

Unknown

6