Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Exposures

At least one of the following:

 • Food or food group (e.g., biscuits, sweets)

 • Macronutrient (e.g., protein, carbohydrates)

 • Dietary pattern (e.g., high-fat dietary pattern)

• Micronutrients (e.g., vitamin A, iron, sodium)

• Alcoholic beverages

Outcomes

At least one of the following:

 • Fasting triglycerides

 • Total cholesterol

 • HDL cholesterol

 • LDL cholesterol

 • Fasting insulin

 • Fasting glucose

 • (HOMA-) insulin resistance

 • Insulin sensitivity

 • C-reactive protein

 • Blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic)

 • Adiponectin

 • Leptin

• Other biomarkers

Populations

• Healthy children and/or adolescents (age range: 3-18 years)

• Subgroups included within these age range (e.g., 5-10 years; 3-15 years)

• Children and/ or adolescents who are overweight/obese

- Infants (age group: 0 < 3 years)

- Adults (age group: > 18 years)

- Patient samples (e.g., children with diabetes, asthma)

Study designs

• Longitudinal studies

○ Prospective studies

○ Cohort studies

• Cross-sectional studies

• Intervention studies (e.g., randomized control trials)

• Case-control studies

• Reviews/ Meta analyses

• Case series or case reports

• Qualitative studies

• Comments

• Animal studies

Other criteria

• Original articles, short reports, brief reports

• Studies published in English

• Human studies

• Studies published in languages other than English