Variable (SD) | Apple extract – placebo sequence | Placebo- apple extract sequence |
---|---|---|
Age, y | 55.6 (7.9) | 54.9 (6.4) |
Male sex, n | 13 | 13 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.7 (3.0) | 26.3 (3.5) |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hga | 148 (12) | 150 (12) |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hga | 91 (6.5) | 93 (5.9) |
LDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 3.1 (0.9) | 3.5 (0.8) |
HDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 3.1 (0.9) | 3.5 (0.8) |
Triglycerides, mmol/l | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.7) |
Glucose, mmol/l | 5.4 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.5) |
C-reactive protein, mg/l | 2.8 (2.0) | 2.2 (1.2) |
Alcohol consumption, n | ||
Non-drinker | 2 | 5 |
Moderate consumption | 28 | 25 |
Use of nicotine products, n | ||
Never used | 22 | 22 |
History of use | 5 | 6 |
Current use | 3 | 2 |
Caffeine consumption, n | ||
Does not use caffeine | 0 | 2 |
≤ 600 mg caffeine/day | 27 | 22 |
> 600 mg caffeine/day Epicatechin intake (mg) | 3 8.2 (5.8) | 6 9.2 (5.1) |