Lack of efficacy of pomegranate supplementation for glucose management, insulin levels and sensitivity: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Huang, Haohai; Liao, Dan; Chen, Guangzhao; Chen, Honglang; Zhu, Yongkun

doi:10.1186/s12937-017-0290-1

Table 2 Subgroup analyses of fasting glucose and insulin concentrations stratified by previously defined study characteristics

From: Lack of efficacy of pomegranate supplementation for glucose management, insulin levels and sensitivity: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Variables	Fasting glucose				Fasting insulin
Variables	No. of trials	Net change (95% CI)^a	P ^*	I² (%)^b	No. of trials	Net change (95% CI)^a	P ^*	I² (%)^b
Sensitivity analyses
Exclude high-risk research	13	−0.55 (−2.82 to 1.73)	0.64	0	8	0.29 (−1.16 to 1.75)	0.70	60
Removing study did not use placebo as control	13	−0.64 (−2.89 to 1.60)	0.58	0	8	0.29 (−1.16 to 1.75)	0.70	60
Subgroup analyses
Study design
Parallel	13	−0.09 (−2.74 to 2.56)	0.95	0	6	0.24 (−1.49to 1.97)	0.78	65
Crossover	2	0.03 (−7.92 to 7.98)	0.99	60	2	0.42 (−3.22 to 4.06)	0.82	64
Duration
<5 week	9	−0.82 (−3.27 to 1.63)	0.51	0	5	0.01 (−2.40 to 2.42)	0.99	71
≥ 5 week	6	0.22 (−4.57 to 5.02)	0.93	0	3	0.58 (−1.28 to 2.43)	0.54	49
Type of intervention
PJ consumption	11	−0.58 (−3.09 to 1.92)	0.65	0	5	1.28 (−0.74 to 3.30)	0.22	51
<250 ml/d	7	0.32 (−3.03 to 3.67)	0.85	0	3	2.86 (0.00 to 4.88)	0.05	0
≥ 250 ml/d	4	−1.73 (−5.51 to 2.04)	0.37	0	2	−0.33 (−1.85 to 1.20)	0.67	0
PE/PSO consumption	4	−0.67 (−5.10 to 3.77)	0.77	23	3	−0.84 (−3.12 to 1.44)	0.47	73
≤ 1000 mg/d	2	−3.30 (−9.08 to 2.48)	0.26	47	2	−1.39 (−5.68 to 2.90)	0.52	86
>1000 mg/d	2	3.31 (−3.81 to 10.04)	0.38	0	1	−0.12 (−1.96 to 1.72)	0.9	NA
Healthy status
CVD risk	11	0.30 (−2.36 to 2.97)	0.82	0	7	0.51 (−1.05 to 2.07)	0.52	64
Healthy	3	−2.53 (−6.36 to 1.30)	0.19	0	1	−1.72 (−5.41 to 1.97)	0.36	NA
BMI
<30 kg/m²	7	−1.56 (−4.51 to 1.39)	0.30	0	5	0.29 (−0.87 to 1.44)	0.63	24
≥ 30 kg/m²	5	−0.10 (−3.83 to 3.62)	0.96	0	2	0.06 (−8.16 to 8.28)	0.99	84
Baseline FBG levels
<100 mg/dL	9	−1.00 (−3.29 to 1.30)	0.39	0	4	0.51 (−3.74 to 4.76)	0.81	78
100–126 mg/dL	2	1.08 (−20.31 to 22.47)	0.92	0	0	–	–	–
≥ 126 mg/dL	4	3.33 (−4.1 to 10.75)	0.38	0	3	0.38 (−0.81 to 1.56)	0.53	12

^aNet change was expressed as weighted mean difference
^bThe I² statistic was calculated by using Cochran’s test, and I²>50% was considered to indicate significant heterogeneity across studies
^* P for meta-analysis: P<0.05 was considered to indicate a significant effect of pomegranate on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations by using a random-effects model

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