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Table 4 Energy and nutrient intakes by gender, according to quartiles of the three food intake pattern scores

From: Food intake patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in Japanese adults: analyses from the 2012 National Health and nutrition survey, Japan

 

Traditional Japanese

 

Westernized

 

Meat and fat

 

Men

Q1

 

Q2

 

Q3

 

Q4

  

Q1

 

Q2

 

Q3

 

Q4

  

Q1

 

Q2

 

Q3

 

Q4

  

N

894

 

1059

 

1224

 

1509

  

1696

 

1125

 

908

 

957

  

947

 

1015

 

1185

 

1539

  

/day

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

p for trend

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

p for trend

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

p for trend

Energy (kcal)

1954

411

2039

409

2117

403

2333

381

<0.001

2189

425

2080

427

2082

414

2166

416

<0.001

2000

393

2042

400

2109

401

2308

422

<0.001

Protein (g)

62.2

16.8

70.5

16.5

76.9

18.0

89.6

20.1

<0.001

77.6

22.1

75.3

20.8

75.3

19.8

78.2

18.9

0.001

73.4

21.5

73.2

19.6

75.3

20.3

82.2

20.3

<0.001

Fat (%energy)

24.9

7.6

23.8

6.9

23.2

6.8

22.6

6.6

<0.001

21.9

6.8

23.3

6.9

24.3

6.8

25.7

6.6

<0.001

19.6

6.3

22.0

6.3

23.9

6.2

26.5

6.9

<0.001

ω-3 fatty acids (g)

1.8

1.1

2.2

1.3

2.6

1.6

3.1

1.7

<0.001

2.7

1.7

2.5

1.6

2.3

1.5

2.3

1.4

<0.001

2.7

1.8

2.5

1.6

2.3

1.5

2.5

1.4

<0.001

ω-6 fatty acids (g)

9.2

4.3

9.5

4.2

9.8

4.3

10.9

4.7

<0.001

10.0

4.5

9.7

4.4

9.8

4.2

10.4

4.7

0.003

7.6

3.8

8.6

3.4

9.8

3.8

12.3

4.8

<0.001

Carbohydrates (%energy)

62.3

8.5

62.2

8.0

62.1

7.9

62.0

7.6

0.782

63.9

8.0

62.2

7.9

61.2

7.7

59.8

7.3

<0.001

65.7

7.8

63.6

7.4

61.8

7.2

59.2

7.8

<0.001

Dietary fiber (g)

10.5

3.7

13.3

4.1

15.8

4.6

21.7

7.0

<0.001

14.5

5.9

15.8

6.5

16.9

6.7

18.6

7.6

<0.001

16.7

7.6

15.8

6.3

16.0

6.7

16.0

6.5

0.019

Vitamin A (μgRAE)

386

520

485

638

540

633

730

832

<0.001

502

708

582

705

575

682

621

682

0.000

513

425

549

557

594

800

569

821

0.055

Vitamin D (μg)

4.8

6.6

7.0

7.8

9.2

9.0

12.1

11.1

<0.001

9.7

10.3

8.8

9.6

8.4

9.2

7.5

7.9

<0.001

11.5

10.9

9.8

10.1

8.3

9.1

6.8

7.8

<0.001

Vitamin B1 (mg)

0.9

1.0

0.9

0.7

1.0

0.6

1.1

0.7

<0.001

0.9

0.8

1.0

0.7

1.0

0.6

1.1

0.8

<0.001

0.9

0.7

1.0

0.8

1.0

0.8

1.1

0.7

<0.001

VitaminB2 (mg)

1.1

0.9

1.2

0.8

1.3

0.6

1.6

0.7

<0.001

1.2

0.8

1.3

0.7

1.3

0.6

1.5

0.8

<0.001

1.4

0.7

1.3

0.8

1.3

0.8

1.3

0.8

0.165

Vitamin B6 (mg)

1.0

0.9

1.2

1.0

1.4

0.7

1.8

1.1

<0.001

1.4

1.0

1.4

0.9

1.3

0.9

1.5

1.0

0.071

1.4

0.9

1.4

0.9

1.3

0.8

1.5

1.2

0.011

Vitamin B12 (μg)

4.6

5.3

6.4

7.9

7.6

7.3

9.8

8.9

<0.001

8.1

8.7

7.4

7.3

7.1

7.7

6.8

7.2

0.000

9.3

8.5

7.9

7.5

6.9

7.1

6.5

8.2

<0.001

Folate (μg)

208

91

275

138

325

117

438

165

<0.001

317

176

322

149

334

152

348

148

<0.001

350

171

325

140

320

144

322

176

<0.001

VitaminC (mg)

58.9

56.7

82.9

56.4

106.0

63.5

154.6

99.4

<0.001

91.2

63.6

102.5

74.1

116.2

83.0

133.7

110.6

<0.001

130.0

102.6

110.0

77.8

103.1

79.5

95.2

71.4

<0.001

Sodium (mg)

3482

1319

4021

1304

4553

1377

5568

1693

<0.001

4579

1677

4496

1687

4467

1560

4668

1674

0.032

4257

1618

4389

1602

4471

1535

4914

1746

<0.001

Potassium (mg)

1689

519

2124

495

2494

543

3303

837

<0.001

2338

810

2460

830

2615

912

2811

934

<0.001

2639

1012

2465

846

2476

859

2509

822

<0.001

Calcium (mg)

363

191

460

217

535

213

664

248

<0.001

450

213

512

229

571

249

638

273

<0.001

574

275

538

242

516

249

499

227

<0.001

Iron (mg)

5.9

1.9

7.4

2.1

8.5

2.1

10.9

3.0

<0.001

8.5

3.0

8.5

3.0

8.5

3.1

8.7

3.0

0.511

8.7

3.1

8.3

3.1

8.4

3.0

8.7

2.9

0.004

Women

                           

N

1589

 

1715

 

1747

 

1628

  

999

 

1715

 

1932

 

2033

  

2116

 

1923

 

1595

 

1045

  

Energy (kcal)

1542

320

1640

316

1744

309

1905

298

<0.001

1724

342

1661

339

1685

340

1764

325

<0.001

1637

335

1673

325

1738

328

1875

319

<0.001

Protein (g)

52.7

13.8

60.3

14.4

66.8

15.0

76.8

16.2

<0.001

63.7

17.3

63.1

18.1

63.8

17.0

65.9

16.6

<0.001

62.2

17.8

62.5

16.5

65.2

16.6

70.0

17.1

<0.001

Fat (%energy)

27.1

7.5

25.8

7.2

25.1

6.9

24.3

6.6

<0.001

23.1

6.9

24.5

7.1

26.1

7.1

27.2

6.9

<0.001

22.2

6.6

25.2

6.4

27.6

6.6

29.7

6.9

<0.001

ω-3 fatty acids (g)

1.5

1.0

1.9

1.2

2.2

1.3

2.6

1.4

<0.001

2.3

1.3

2.1

1.3

2.1

1.3

2.0

1.3

<0.001

2.2

1.4

2.0

1.3

2.0

1.2

2.1

1.2

<0.001

ω-6 fatty acids (g)

7.7

3.5

8.0

3.6

8.8

3.9

9.7

4.2

<0.001

8.7

3.9

8.2

3.8

8.5

4.0

8.8

3.9

<0.001

7.1

3.5

8.1

3.4

9.3

3.7

11.3

4.2

<0.001

Carbohydrates (%energy)

59.2

8.4

59.4

8.1

59.4

7.9

59.5

7.6

0.706

62.1

8.1

60.3

8.2

58.8

7.9

57.9

7.5

<0.001

62.6

7.8

59.8

7.4

57.3

7.5

55.3

7.7

<0.001

Dietary fiber (g)

10.3

3.3

13.4

3.9

16.4

4.3

21.7

6.2

<0.001

13.3

5.2

14.8

6.1

15.6

6.1

17.1

6.2

<0.001

15.7

6.4

15.2

6.0

15.3

5.9

15.7

6.3

0.025

Vitamin A (μgRAE)

362

335

472

396

586

686

714

596

<0.001

471

773

521

533

537

430

575

501

<0.001

513

417

543

528

548

579

542

705

0.165

Vitamin D (μg)

4.5

6.2

6.8

7.7

8.2

8.1

10.6

9.4

<0.001

7.8

8.3

8.0

8.7

7.6

8.2

7.0

7.8

0.001

9.0

8.9

7.5

8.1

7.0

8.0

5.7

6.7

<0.001

Vitamin B1 (mg)

0.7

0.5

0.8

0.5

0.9

0.5

1.0

0.5

<0.001

0.7

0.4

0.8

0.6

0.8

0.5

0.9

0.5

<0.001

0.8

0.6

0.8

0.4

0.9

0.5

1.0

0.6

<0.001

VitaminB2 (mg)

0.9

0.5

1.1

0.6

1.2

0.5

1.4

0.5

<0.001

1.0

0.5

1.1

0.6

1.2

0.6

1.2

0.6

<0.001

1.2

0.6

1.1

0.5

1.1

0.5

1.2

0.6

<0.001

Vitamin B6 (mg)

0.8

0.6

1.1

0.7

1.2

0.6

1.5

0.6

<0.001

1.1

0.7

1.2

0.7

1.2

0.7

1.2

0.6

0.012

1.2

0.7

1.1

0.7

1.1

0.5

1.2

0.7

<0.001

Vitamin B12 (μg)

3.8

4.3

5.5

5.7

6.4

6.2

7.9

6.5

<0.001

6.5

7.1

6.2

6.2

5.7

5.5

5.6

5.5

<0.001

7.1

6.7

5.7

5.7

5.3

5.2

4.9

5.5

<0.001

Folate (μg)

200

70

273

89

331

109

431

130

<0.001

288

129

302

134

311

128

324

133

<0.001

327

136

302

126

301

129

299

134

<0.001

VitaminC (mg)

64.3

50.0

95.9

58.6

121.9

69.2

167.6

90.3

<0.001

89.6

58.2

105.6

73.1

113.2

77.4

129.5

87.1

<0.001

131.6

89.5

109.2

74.1

100.4

66.1

99.4

69.9

<0.001

Sodium (mg)

2949

1016

3512

1072

4076

1144

4978

1413

<0.001

3967

1420

3824

1389

3816

1372

3955

1367

0.001

3653

1327

3810

1372

3957

1348

4372

1441

<0.001

Potassium (mg)

1596

450

2080

487

2493

531

3204

756

<0.001

2054

687

2241

794

2375

811

2554

826

<0.001

2425

854

2300

797

2300

769

2349

805

<0.001

Calcium (mg)

359

177

462

203

556

212

672

238

<0.001

401

180

466

230

529

232

594

245

<0.001

552

257

507

229

495

230

473

215

<0.001

Iron (mg)

5.4

1.5

6.9

2.1

8.2

2.0

10.2

2.7

<0.001

7.5

2.5

7.7

2.9

7.7

2.7

7.8

2.7

0.115

7.8

3.0

7.5

2.6

7.7

2.7

7.9

2.6

0.001

  1. For continuous variables, the general linear model was applied