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Table 5 Associations of FSA scores of meals and snacks with measures of body fatness*

From: Nutritional quality of meals and snacks assessed by the Food Standards Agency nutrient profiling system in relation to overall diet quality, body mass index, and waist circumference in British adults

 

Men (n 659)

Women (n 792)

 

Model 1†

Model 2‡

Model 1†

Model 2‡

 

β§

95% CI§

P

β§

95% CI§

P

β§

95% CI§

P

β§

95% CI§

P

FSA score of meals based on time||

 BMI (kg/m2)

0.03

−0.14, 0.20

0.76

0.07

−0.09, 0.24

0.39

−0.17

−0.35, 0.01

0.06

−0.02

−0.20, 0.15

0.80

 WC (cm)

0.20

−0.22, 0.62

0.34

0.30

−0.11, 0.72

0.15

−0.21

−0.58, 0.16

0.26

0.04

−0.32, 0.41

0.82

FSA score of snacks based on time||

 BMI (kg/m2)

−0.11

−0.22, 0.003

0.06

−0.06

−0.17, 0.05

0.28

0.04

−0.08, 0.16

0.52

0.11

−0.01, 0.22

0.07

 WC (cm)

−0.12

−0.39, 0.15

0.39

−0.02

−0.29, 0.25

0.91

−0.06

−0.30, 0.19

0.65

0.06

−0.18, 0.30

0.62

FSA score of meals based on EI contribution¶

 BMI (kg/m2)

0.02

−0.16, 0.19

0.87

0.12

−0.06, 0.30

0.19

−0.24

−0.45, −0.04

0.02

−0.07

−0.27, 0.13

0.48

 WC (cm)

0.11

−0.33, 0.55

0.63

0.33

−0.12, 0.77

0.15

−0.48

−0.91, −0.05

0.03

−0.18

−0.60, 0.25

0.41

FSA score of snacks based on EI contribution¶

 BMI (kg/m2)

−0.08

−0.18, 0.02

0.12

−0.08

−0.18, 0.02

0.11

0.11

−0.01, 0.23

0.07

0.17

0.05, 0.29

0.005

 WC (cm)

−0.02

−0.27, 0.23

0.87

−0.02

−0.27, 0.22

0.85

0.24

−0.01, 0.50

0.06

0.34

0.09, 0.59

0.007

FSA score of meals and snacks

 BMI (kg/m2)

−0.06

−0.22, 0.11

0.50

0.05

−0.11, 0.22

0.55

−0.11

−0.29, 0.07

0.23

0.12

−0.06, 0.30

0.20

 WC (cm)

−0.23

−0.40, −0.05

0.01

0.10

−0.10, 0.29

0.35

−0.21

−0.59, 0.17

0.27

0.19

−0.20, 0.58

0.33

  1. FSA, Food Standards Agency; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference
  2. *FSA scores ranging from −15 to 40, with a lower score reflecting a better nutritional quality
  3. †Adjusted for age (years, continuous), social class (manual or non-manual), smoking status (never, former, or current), physical activity (metabolic equivalent-h/d, continuous), and meal frequency (times/d, continuous) and snack frequency (times/d, continuous) based on the same definition (or the sum of meal and snack frequency (eating frequency; times/d, continuous) in the case of FSA diet score of meals and snacks). Both FSA score of meals and FSA score of snacks based on the same definition were entered simultaneously into the regression model
  4. ‡Adjusted for variables used in model 1 and ratio of reported energy intake to estimated energy requirement (continuous). Both FSA score of meals and FSA score of snacks based on the same definition were entered simultaneously into the regression model
  5. §Regression coefficients mean the change of adiposity measures with 1-unit increase of FSA diet score
  6. || Meals were defined as eating events reported during select times of the day (0600–1000, 1200–1500, and 1800–2100 h); all other eating occasions were considered as snacks
  7. ¶A meal was defined as any eating episode comprising ≥15% of total EI, regardless of the time of day or composition of foods and beverages consumed; all other eating episodes were classified as snacks