Table 3 Characteristics of studies investigating the effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on dental outcomes
From: Health outcomes of non-nutritive sweeteners: analysis of the research landscape
First author, publication year | Study sample (n) | Intervention/Exposure | Control | Outcome | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Interventional studies: randomized controlled trials with parallel-group design | |||||
Beiswanger, 1998 [141] | children (1818) | sugar-free chewing gum containing AS and non-AS | no intervention | development of caries/caries prevalence | decreased development of caries |
Lopez de Bocanera, 1999 [142] | both adults and children (32) | a solution/drink with AS | sugared solution/drink | salivary or plaque pH | no effect on pH |
Interventional studies: randomized controlled trials with cross-over design | |||||
Brambilla, 2014 [143] | adults (20) | a solution/drink with stevioside | sugared solution/drink | salivary or plaque pH | less acidogenic (increased) pH |
Jawale, 2012 [144] | adults (20) | diet soft drink | sugared solution/drink | salivary or plaque pH | less acidogenic (increased) pH |
Manning, 1993 [145] | adults (10) | sugar-free chewing gum containing AS and non-AS | sugared chewing gum | salivary or plaque pH | less acidogenic (increased) pH |
Mendes de Santa, 2014 [146] | adults (9) | a solution/drink with a combination of NNS | sugared solution/drink | salivary or plaque pH | less acidogenic (increased) pH |
Mentes, 2001 [147] | adults (29) | a solution/drink with AS and non-AS | sugared solution/drink | salivary or plaque pH | less acidogenic (increased) pH |
Meyerowitz, 1996 [148] | age group not described (14) | a solution/drink with sucralose | sugared solution/drink | salivary or plaque pH | less acidogenic (increased) pH |
Park, 1993 [149] | age group not described (5) | sugar-free chewing gum containing sucralose/ ace K | another NNS | salivary or plaque pH | no difference in pH |
Park, 1995 [150] | adults (8) | sugar-free chewing gum containing AS or non-AS | sugared chewing gum; no intervention | salivary or plaque pH | less acidogenic (increased) pH |
Roos, 2002 [151] | children (17) | diet soft drink | sugared solution/drink | salivary or plaque pH | less acidogenic (increased) pH |
Steinberg, 1995 [152] | age group not described (10) | a solution/drink with sucralose | sugared solution/drink | salivary or plaque pH | less acidogenic (increased) pH |
Steinberg, 1996 [153] | age group not described (12) | a solution/drink with sucralose | sugared solution/drink | salivary or plaque pH | less acidogenic (increased) pH |
Zanela, 2002 [154] | children (T: 200) | a solution/drink with stevioside | chlorhexidine gluconate | amount of plaque formed | less effective in decreasing the amount of plaque formed |
Interventional studies: non-randomized controlled trials | |||||
Mühlemann, 1985 [155] | adults (T:2) | a solution/drink with aspartame | sugared solution/drink | salivary or plaque pH | no effect on pH |
Syrrakou, 1993 [156] | age group not described (15) | a solution/drink with sucralose | sugared solution/drink | salivary or plaque pH | less acidogenic (increased) pH |
Observational studies: case-control studies | |||||
Grenby, 1975 [287] | adults (24) | saccharin instead of sucrose | sugared solution/drink | amount of plaque formed | decreased amount of plaque formed |
Observational studies: cross-sectional studies | |||||
Serra-Majem, 1993 [288] | age group not described (893) | AS in regular diet | – | development of caries/caries prevalence | decreased development of caries |