Effects of cow’s milk beta-casein variants on symptoms of milk intolerance in Chinese adults: a multicentre, randomised controlled study

Table 5 Urinary galactose concentrations after consumption of the study products

Site	Time	Visit 1 (baseline)				Visit 2				LSM difference
		A1 (n=300)^a		A2 (n=300)^a		A1 (n=300)^a		A2 (n=300)^a		Product (A2 vs. A1)
		Mean (mmol/L)	SD	Mean (mmol/L)	SD	Mean (mmol/L)	SD	Mean (mmol/L)	SD	Estimate	SE	P
Beijing	Baseline	0.72	0.30	0.71	0.30	0.70	0.31	0.71	0.28
	3 h	0.84	0.33	1.06	0.39	0.81	0.31	1.07	0.42	0.243	0.034	<0.0001
	Change from baseline	0.12	0.27	0.35	0.43	0.11	0.31	0.36	0.47	0.244	0.038	<0.0001
Guangzhou	Baseline	0.72	0.32	0.73	0.33	0.73	0.38	0.70	0.38
	3 h	0.85	0.49	1.01	0.39	0.96	0.58	1.07	0.69	0.142	0.044	0.002
	Change from baseline	0.13	0.40	0.28	0.32	0.23	0.46	0.37	0.59	0.144	0.045	0.002
Shanghai	Baseline	0.71	0.26	0.71	0.25	0.72	0.28	0.72	0.21
	3 h	0.85	0.36	0.99	0.39	0.83	0.37	1.02	0.42	0.165	0.034	<0.0001
	Change from baseline	0.14	0.37	0.28	0.41	0.12	0.31	0.30	0.38	0.165	0.036	<0.0001
All sites	Baseline	0.72	0.29	0.72	0.30	0.72	0.32	0.71	0.30
	3 h	0.85	0.40	1.02	0.39	0.87	0.44	1.05	0.53	0.183	0.022	<0.0001
	Change from baseline	0.13	0.35	0.30	0.39	0.15	0.37	0.34	0.49	0.184	0.023	<0.0001

A1 conventional milk containing A1 and A2 β-casein, A2 milk containing A2 β-casein, LSM least-squares mean, SD standard deviation, SE standard error
^an=400 at 12 h (the VAS was not assessed at 12 h in Shanghai)

ISSN: 1475-2891