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Table 3 Nutrient intakes for the lowest (Q1) and highest (Q4) quartiles of three dietary patterns identified for 635 subjects aged 69–71 years who participated in the SONIC Study, Japan

From: Association between dietary patterns and cognitive function among 70-year-old Japanese elderly: a cross-sectional analysis of the SONIC study

Nutrienta

Factor 1: Plant foods and fish

Factor 2: Rice and miso soup

Factor 3: Animal foods

Q1

(n = 158)

Q4

(n = 159)

P trend b

Pearson r c

Q1

(n = 158)

Q4

(n = 159)

P trend b

Pearson r c

Q1

(n = 158)

Q4

(n = 159)

P trend b

Pearson r c

Protein (% of energy)

13.7 ± 2.6

18.5 ± 3.0

<0.001

0.55

16.2 ± 2.9

16.7 ± 2.5

0.92

0.01

14.3 ± 2.4

19.1 ± 3.3

<0.001

0.60

Fat (% of energy)

22.6 ± 5.6

26.6 ± 4.8

<0.001

0.26

28.8 ± 4.7

25.2 ± 4.8

<0.001

−0.58

22.6 ± 4.5

28.5 ± 5.2

<0.001

0.42

SFA (g/1000 kcal)

6.6 ± 2.0

7.6 ± 1.6

<0.001

0.19

8.8 ± 2.0

7.1 ± 1.9

<0.001

−0.63

7.1 ± 2.0

7.9 ± 1.9

<0.001

0.16

MUFA (g/1000 kcal)

9.0 ± 2.4

10 ± 2.2

<0.001

0.15

11.4 ± 2.1

9.8 ± 2.0

<0.001

−0.59

8.5 ± 1.8

11.3 ± 2.3

<0.001

0.45

PUFA (g/1000 kcal)

6.2 ± 1.6

7.4 ± 1.4

<0.001

0.29

7.4 ± 1.4

7.1 ± 1.2

<0.001

−0.35

5.9 ± 1.2

7.9 ± 1.5

<0.001

0.51

EPA + DHA (g/1000 kcal)

0.47 ± 0.29

0.76 ± 0.37

<0.001

0.32

0.56 ± 0.27

0.68 ± 0.40

<0.001

0.15

0.44 ± 0.23

0.88 ± 0.38

<0.001

0.52

Carbohydrate (% of energy)

54.5 ± 9

53.5 ± 7.1

0.53

−0.06

51.5 ± 7.1

52.2 ± 5.9

<0.001

0.24

60.0 ± 5.2

47.0 ± 5.9

<0.001

−0.66

Dietary fibre (g/1000 kcal)

5.5 ± 1.2

10.3 ± 2.0

<0.001

0.89

8.1 ± 2.3

7.6 ± 2.0

<0.001

−0.19

7.8 ± 2.5

7.7 ± 2.1

0.60

−0.01

Vitamin A (μg/1000 kcal)

348 ± 175

599 ± 184

<0.001

0.48

520 ± 220

479 ± 217

<0.001

−0.20

444 ± 198

558 ± 258

<0.001

0.22

Vitamin E (mg/1000 kcal)

3.4 ± 0.9

5.2 ± 1.0

<0.001

0.67

4.9 ± 1.0

4.4 ± 0.9

<0.001

−0.48

3.9 ± 1.0

4.9 ± 1.0

<0.001

0.40

Vitamin B6 (mg/1000 kcal)

0.6 ± 0.1

1.0 ± 0.2

<0.001

0.77

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

0.42

−0.06

0.7 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.2

<0.001

0.46

Vitamin B12 (mg/1000 kcal)

5.2 ± 2.7

7.3 ± 3.2

<0.001

0.24

6.0 ± 2.5

7.1 ± 2.3

0.003

0.13

4.5 ± 1.8

9.3 ± 3.5

<0.001

0.62

Folate (μg/1000 kcal)

159 ± 38

311 ± 67

<0.001

0.85

240 ± 73

228 ± 62

0.001

−0.16

221 ± 75

247 ± 75

0.002

0.16

Vitamin C (mg/1000 kcal)

52 ± 17

118 ± 31

<0.001

0.81

90 ± 33

81 ± 31

<0.001

−0.22

83 ± 33

86 ± 33

0.31

0.06

Sodium (mg/1000 kcal)

2324 ± 495

2671 ± 542

<0.001

0.27

2541 ± 450

2615 ± 408

0.94

0.02

2178 ± 412

2914 ± 452

<0.001

0.58

Potassium (mg/1000 kcal)

1159 ± 231

2082 ± 364

<0.001

0.88

1692 ± 417

1576 ± 372

<0.001

−0.20

1516 ± 430

1742 ± 436

<0.001

0.22

Calcium (mg/1000 kcal)

257 ± 79

448.8 ± 104

<0.001

0.67

374 ± 109

346 ± 101

<0.001

−0.16

335 ± 103

394 ± 131

<0.001

0.20

Magnesium (mg/1000 kcal)

123 ± 20

192 ± 294

<0.001

0.83

157 ± 31

157 ± 29

0.36

−0.05

145 ± 33

171 ± 36

<0.001

0.30

Iron (mg/1000 kcal)

3.7 ± 0.7

6.2 ± 1.0

<0.001

0.81

4.9 ± 1.1

5.0 ± 1.0

0.59

−0.05

4.6 ± 1.2

5.4 ± 1.2

<0.001

0.31

  1. SFA saturated fatty acids, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA docosahexaenoic acid
  2. aAll nutrients were energy-adjusted using the density method. Means ± SD (all such values)
  3. bA linear trend test was used
  4. cPearson correlation coefficient of >0.2 or <−0.2 was considered significant