Total (n = 635) | Factor 1: Plant foods and fish | Factor 2: Rice and miso soup | Factor 3: Animal foods | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (n = 158) | Q4 (n = 159) | P valueb | Q1 (n = 158) | Q4 (n = 159) | P valueb | Q1 (n = 158) | Q4 (n = 159) | P valueb | ||
Sex (%) | ||||||||||
Men | 46.0 | 72.8 | 23.9 | <0.001 | 38.6 | 56.6 | 0.002 | 41.1 | 43.4 | 0.34 |
Women | 54.0 | 27.2 | 76.1 | 61.4 | 43.4 | 58.9 | 56.6 | |||
Area of residence (%) | ||||||||||
Western-urban (Itami) | 20.0 | 32.3 | 11.3 | 0.004 | 38.0 | 10.1 | <0.001 | 21.5 | 21.4 | 0.22 |
Western-rural (Asago) | 26.0 | 23.4 | 32.1 | 17.1 | 40.3 | 36.1 | 22.6 | |||
Eastern-urban (Itabashi) | 25.4 | 20.9 | 28.9 | 27.2 | 16.4 | 15.8 | 29.6 | |||
Eastern-rural (Nishitama) | 28.7 | 23.4 | 27.7 | 17.7 | 33.3 | 26.6 | 26.4 | |||
Education (years) | ||||||||||
< 10 | 25.5 | 34.2 | 18.2 | <0.001 | 17.1 | 38.4 | <0.001 | 22.8 | 23.9 | 0.26 |
10–12 | 47.1 | 44.3 | 47.2 | 50.6 | 36.5 | 46.8 | 53.5 | |||
≥ 13 | 27.4 | 21.5 | 34.6 | 32.3 | 25.2 | 30.4 | 22.6 | |||
Frequency of going outdoors (times per week, %) | ||||||||||
< 1 | 5.2 | 8.9 | 2.5 | <0.001 | 2.5 | 7.6 | 0.004 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 0.88 |
1–4 | 29.0 | 34.8 | 25.2 | 24.1 | 31.5 | 31.0 | 32.1 | |||
≥ 5 | 65.8 | 56.3 | 72.3 | 73.4 | 61.0 | 63.3 | 62.9 | |||
Current smoker (%) | 9.1 | 17.7 | 2.5 | <0.001 | 8.2 | 14.5 | 0.03 | 7.6 | 11.3 | 0.22 |
Alcohol drinker (%) | 37.0 | 60.1 | 15.1 | <0.001 | 32.9 | 45.3 | 0.05 | 27.2 | 39.0 | 0.01 |
Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1938 ± 569 | 1934 ± 636 | 1839 ± 492 | 0.05 | 1941 ± 614 | 1839 ± 530 | 0.06 | 2018 ± 565 | 1869 ± 606 | 0.14 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 ± 3.0 | 23.1 ± 3.0 | 22.8 ± 3.1 | 0.58 | 22.9 ± 3.1 | 23.3 ± 3.5 | 0.08 | 22.6 ± 3.0 | 23.5 ± 3.7 | 0.02 |
GDS-5 score | 0.88 ± 1.07 | 0.97 ± 1.05 | 0.73 ± 1.00 | 0.22 | 0.76 ± 1.01 | 1.02 ± 1.15 | 0.15 | 0.85 ± 1.01 | 1.01 ± 1.11 | 0.35 |
Hypertension (%) | 65.4 | 70.9 | 62.3 | 0.05 | 63.3 | 66.0 | 0.43 | 59.5 | 71.7 | 0.03 |
Diabetes (%) | 13.7 | 15.2 | 10.1 | 0.16 | 9.5 | 18.2 | 0.03 | 11.4 | 13.8 | 0.24 |
Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 2.8 | 7.0 | 1.3 | 0.003 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 0.82 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 0.84 |
ApoE-ε4 allele carrier (%) | 14.7 | 16.5 | 12.6 | 0.38 | 15.8 | 13.8 | 0.38 | 13.9 | 18.2 | 0.46 |