Skip to main content

Table 2 Characteristics of 635 subjects aged 69–71 years who participated in the SONIC Study, Japana

From: Association between dietary patterns and cognitive function among 70-year-old Japanese elderly: a cross-sectional analysis of the SONIC study

 

Total (n = 635)

Factor 1: Plant foods and fish

Factor 2: Rice and miso soup

Factor 3: Animal foods

Q1

(n = 158)

Q4

(n = 159)

P valueb

Q1

(n = 158)

Q4

(n = 159)

P valueb

Q1

(n = 158)

Q4

(n = 159)

P valueb

Sex (%)

 Men

46.0

72.8

23.9

<0.001

38.6

56.6

0.002

41.1

43.4

0.34

 Women

54.0

27.2

76.1

 

61.4

43.4

 

58.9

56.6

 

Area of residence (%)

 Western-urban (Itami)

20.0

32.3

11.3

0.004

38.0

10.1

<0.001

21.5

21.4

0.22

 Western-rural (Asago)

26.0

23.4

32.1

 

17.1

40.3

 

36.1

22.6

 

 Eastern-urban (Itabashi)

25.4

20.9

28.9

 

27.2

16.4

 

15.8

29.6

 

 Eastern-rural (Nishitama)

28.7

23.4

27.7

 

17.7

33.3

 

26.6

26.4

 

Education (years)

 < 10

25.5

34.2

18.2

<0.001

17.1

38.4

<0.001

22.8

23.9

0.26

 10–12

47.1

44.3

47.2

 

50.6

36.5

 

46.8

53.5

 

 ≥ 13

27.4

21.5

34.6

 

32.3

25.2

 

30.4

22.6

 

Frequency of going outdoors (times per week, %)

 < 1

5.2

8.9

2.5

<0.001

2.5

7.6

0.004

5.7

5.0

0.88

 1–4

29.0

34.8

25.2

 

24.1

31.5

 

31.0

32.1

 

 ≥ 5

65.8

56.3

72.3

 

73.4

61.0

 

63.3

62.9

 

Current smoker (%)

9.1

17.7

2.5

<0.001

8.2

14.5

0.03

7.6

11.3

0.22

Alcohol drinker (%)

37.0

60.1

15.1

<0.001

32.9

45.3

0.05

27.2

39.0

0.01

Energy intake (kcal/d)

1938 ± 569

1934 ± 636

1839 ± 492

0.05

1941 ± 614

1839 ± 530

0.06

2018 ± 565

1869 ± 606

0.14

BMI (kg/m2)

22.9 ± 3.0

23.1 ± 3.0

22.8 ± 3.1

0.58

22.9 ± 3.1

23.3 ± 3.5

0.08

22.6 ± 3.0

23.5 ± 3.7

0.02

GDS-5 score

0.88 ± 1.07

0.97 ± 1.05

0.73 ± 1.00

0.22

0.76 ± 1.01

1.02 ± 1.15

0.15

0.85 ± 1.01

1.01 ± 1.11

0.35

Hypertension (%)

65.4

70.9

62.3

0.05

63.3

66.0

0.43

59.5

71.7

0.03

Diabetes (%)

13.7

15.2

10.1

0.16

9.5

18.2

0.03

11.4

13.8

0.24

Cerebrovascular disease (%)

2.8

7.0

1.3

0.003

3.2

3.1

0.82

2.5

3.1

0.84

ApoE-ε4 allele carrier (%)

14.7

16.5

12.6

0.38

15.8

13.8

0.38

13.9

18.2

0.46

  1. BMI body mass index, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale
  2. aValues are means ± SD for continuous variables and percentages of subjects for categorical variables
  3. bA linear trend test and a Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test were used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively