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Table 2 The sport dependent food and nutrient intakes classified according to sport modality and country

From: Determinants of eating patterns and nutrient intake among adolescent athletes: a systematic review

Sport

Country

Categories

Criteria of statistical comparison

Foods

Sweets

EI

Prot

CHO

Fat

Chol

Fiber

Vit

Min

Athletics

Belgium [58]

Age

= Pas, Po, R, WhiBr, Fr

N/A

N/A

=

=

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

B vs G

↑ Pas, Po, R, WhoBr, So

= Fr, Veg

N/A

↑

=

↑

N/A

N/A

↑

N/A

N/A

Cycling Running

China [49]

Cyclists vs runners

N/A

N/A

↑

↑

↑

↑

↑

=

= A, C

↑Fe, Mg, Mn, Se, Zn

Judo

France [38]

Training: week 3 vs 1

N/A

N/A

↑

=

↑

↑

↑

=

=

=

Judo

Tunisia [50]

Ramadan: Bef vs Dur vs After

N/A

N/A

=

=

=

=

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Pentathlon

Brazil [51]

B vs G

N/A

N/A

=

=

=

=

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Rugby

France [46]

Lu: Exerc vs Rugby vs Con

N/A

N/A

=

=

=

↑ Exerc

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Sn: Exerc vs Rugby vs Con

N/A

N/A

=

↑ Con

↑ Exerc

↑ Rugby

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Di: Exerc vs Rugby vs Con

N/A

N/A

↑ Exerc

↑ Rugby

=

=

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Several sports

Brazil [54]

Endur sports vs other sports

N/A

N/A

=

↑

=

=

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Several sports

Germany [41]

B vs G

↓ Vit fib foods

↑ An prod

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Endur vs others

↑ Vit fib foods

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Nutrition plan

↑ Vit fib foods

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

On a diet

N/A

↓

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Boarding student

↑ An prod

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Snack bar

N/A

↑

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Skating

US [47]

B vs G

N/A

=

↑

↑

↑

↑

↑

N/A

↑B1, B3

= A, B2, B6, B9, B12, C, D, E,

↑Fe, P, Na, Zn

= Ca, K, Mg, I

Skating

US [48]

B: Bkf vs Lu vs Di vs Sn

N/A

N/A

↑ Di

↑ Di

↑ Di

↑ Lu

↑ Bkf

↑ Di

↑ Bkf: B9

↑Di: Fe, Ca

G: Bkf vs Lu vs Di vs Sn

N/A

N/A

↑ Di

↑ Di

=

↑ Lu

↑ Di

↑ Di

↑ Bkf: B9

↑Di: Ca

↑ Bkf: Fe

Skating

US [57]

Pre- vs Comp vs Off-seasons

N/A

N/A

=

=

=

=

=

=

↑ Pre: B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, C, D, E

↑ Pre: Zn

= Fe, Na, I, Mg, P, Ca, K

Soccer

France [56]

Age

N/A

N/A

↑

↑

↑

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

↑ Ca, FE

Soccer

Israel [44]

Ramadan: Bef vs Dur

N/A

N/A

=

=

=

=

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Soccer

Italy [40]

Training

N/A

N/A

=

=

=

=

=

=

N/A

N/A

Soccer

Spain [42]

Food preference

=

N/A

=

=

=

=

=

=

N/A

N/A

Soccer

Spain [45]

Age

N/A

=

↓

=

↓

=

N/A

=

N/A

N/A

Soccer

Spain [52]

Fixed menu vs Buffet-style

N/A

N/A

↑

=

↑

=

=

N/A

↑D, E

= A

↑Mg

= Ca

Soccer

UK [39]

Match vs Heavy vs Mod vs Rest

N/A

N/A

N/A

=

=

=

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Swimming

Greece [59]

B vs G

N/A

N/A

=

N/A

N/A

N/A

↑

=

N/A

N/A

Training

N/A

N/A

=

=

=

=

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Swimming

Spain [43]

B vs G

↓ Fr, Nuts

= Veg, Leg, Fish, Meat, Eggs, Cereals, DP

N/A

↑

↑

=

=

=

N/A

↑ B1, B2, B3, B6, E

= A, C, D, B12

↑ Ca, Mg, P, Fe, K, Na

= Zn

Volleyball

Greece [53]

Natl vs Champ players

N/A

N/A

↑

=

=

↑

=

=

= A, B, C

= Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn

  1. Abbreviations (alphabetical order):
  2. An prod Animal products, B Boys, G Girls, Bef Before, Bkf breakfast, Champ Championship, CHO Carbohydrate, Chol Cholesterol, Comp Competitive season, Con Control, Di Dinner, DP Dairy products, Dur During, EI Energy intake, Endur Endurance, Exerc Exercise, Fr Fruits, Leg Legumes, Lu Lunch, Min Mineral, Mod Moderate, Natl National, Pas Pasta, Po Potato, Pre Pre-season, Prot Protein, R Rice, Sn Snacks, So Soup, Veg Vegetables, Vit fib foods Vitamin and fiber-rich foods, Vit Vitamin, WhiBr White bread, WhoBr Wholegrain bread
  3. = means no significant differences; ↑ means statistical significant increase; ↓ means statistical significant decrease; N/A means not available
  4. The details of each study are presented in Table 1
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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