The effect of replacing saturated fat with mostly n-6 polyunsaturated fat on coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Table 2 The clinical trials included in the earlier meta-analyses

	Skeaff and Miller [14]	Mozaffarian et al. [19]	Hooper et al.^a,b [17]	Chowdhury et al. [3]	Schwingshackl and Hoffman [20]	Harcombe et al.^b [4]	Hooper et al.^b [18]	Ramsden et al.^c [5]
Rose Corn Oil Trial (RCOT) [21]	X		X (M)		X	X	X	X (MA)
Ball et al. [34]						X
Oslo Diet Heart Study (ODHS) [22]	X	X	X (M)	X	X	X	X	X (SA)
National Diet Heart Study (NDHS) [29]			X (Both)
Medical Research Council Trial (MRCT) [23]	X	X	X (M)	X	X	X	X	X (MA)
Los Angeles Veterans Administration Trial (LAVAT) [24]	X	X	X (M)	X		X	X	X (MA)
Finnish Mental Hospital Study (FMHS) [30]	X	X		X
Sydney Diet Heart Study (SDHS) [25]			X (M)	X	X	X	X	X (MA)
Houtsmuller Diabetic Angiopathy Trial (HDAT) [31]			X (M)				X
Minnesota Coronary Survey (MCS) [26]	X	X	X (M)	X				X (MA)
Diet and Reinfarction Trial (DART) [27]	X	X	X (M,R)	X	X		X	X (SA)
St Thomas Atherosclerosis Regression Study (STARS) [28]	X	X	X (M,R)	X	X		X	X (SA)
Black et al. [35]							X
Moy et al. [36]							X
Sondergaard et al. [32]			X (M,R)
Ley et al. [37]							X
Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) [38]							X
Women’s Intervention Nutrition Study (WINS) [39]							X
MeDiet [33]			X (M,R)

^aHooper et al. (2012) categorised trials as either modified fat (M) or both modified and reduced fat (M,R) trials. NDHS included several experimental groups, some of which were prescribed a modified fat diet and others were prescribed a reduced and modified fat diet. Hooper et al. (2012) included these experimental groups individually and categorised them according to their dietary advice (Both). ^bHooper et al. (2012), Harcombe et al. (2015) and Hooper et al. (2015) included both the olive oil (MUFA) and the corn oil (n-6 PUFA) arms of RCOT as these meta-analyses examined the effect of fat modification. ^cRamsden et al. included trials that replaced SFA with mainly n-6 PUFA in their main analysis (MA) and conducted a sensitivity analysis (SA) that included trials that also increased intake of long chain n-3 PUFA in addition to replacing SFA with mainly n-6 PUFA (ODHS and STARS) or where participants were only provided with dietary advice (DART)