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Table 3 Adjusted coefficients of regression parameters for blood pressure in relation to meat consumption

From: Red meat and chicken consumption and its association with high blood pressure and obesity in South Korean children and adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis of KSHES, 2011–2015

Merged 2011-2015a

(n = 136,739)

Variablesd,e

Blood pressure (BP), mmHg

Systolic BPb

Diastolic BPb

β

SEM

P- valuec

R 2

β

SEM

P- valuec

R 2

Adjusted R2

   

0.260

   

0.162

Sex

 Boys

1.137

0.11

<0.001

 

0.467

0.07

<0.001

 

Age (years)

 12 y

1.339

0.29

<0.001

 

0.896

0.20

<0.001

 

 15 y

2.964

0.33

<0.001

 

2.111

0.22

<0.001

 

Height (cm)

0.260

0.01

<0.001

 

0.103

0.01

<0.001

 

Areas

 Rural

−0.089

0.28

0.757

 

−0.003

0.19

0.987

 

BMI (kg/m2)

0.795

0.01

<0.001

 

0.116

0.01

<0.001

 

 Overweight

4.452

0.13

<0.001

 

2.265

0.09

<0.001

 

 Obesity

7.497

0.16

<0.001

 

4.123

0.10

<0.001

 

Dietary patterns (<3/wk)

 Meat

0.574

0.16

<0.001

 

0.376

0.12

0.003

 

 Milk

−0.129

0.17

0.264

 

0.023

0.07

0.767

 

 Fruits

0.143

0.10

0.189

 

−0.128

0.07

0.098

 

 Vegetable

0.044

0.09

0.661

 

0.016

0.07

0.817

 

 Breakfast

0.240

0.13

0.065

 

0.202

0.09

0.035

 

Physical and leisure activities

 Exercise (<3/wk)

0.058

0.10

0.567

 

0.134

0.06

0.047

 

 Internet or games (≥2 hr/d)

0.077

0.11

0.490

 

0.006

0.07

0.930

 
  1. aCross-sectional data from the Korea School Health Examination Survey (2011–2015, 1761 schools)
  2. bOutcome variables: SBP or DBP
  3. c P-value of Wald’s test; β, coefficient of regression parameters; SEM, standard error of the mean; R 2, coefficient of determination
  4. dAll variables in the left column of the table were explanatory variables, and their associations (including place of residence, 17 cities and provinces in South Korea) with SBP or DBP were simultaneously adjusted using multiple linear regression
  5. eReference group: Girls = 0; Aged 9 y = 0; Body mass index (BMI), No excess weight = 0; Urban areas = 0; Dietary patterns, food intake > 5 servings/wk = 0; Exercise ≥ 5/wk = 0; Internet or games < 2 hr/d = 0