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Table 5 Comparison of dietary intakes and dietary total antioxidant capacity between the women of the lowest tertile (P1A1), the intermediate tertile (P2A2) and highest tertile (P3A3) for both protein intake and dietary total antioxidant capacitya

From: Diet with a combination of high protein and high total antioxidant capacity is strongly associated with low prevalence of frailty among old Japanese women: a multicenter cross-sectional study

 

P1A1 (n = 273)

P2A2 (n = 238)

P3A3 (n = 247)

P b

Median

IQR

Median

IQR

Median

IQR

Energy intake, kcal/d

1709

1423

-

2077

1575

1297

-

1905

1700

1405

-

2032

0.004

Food intakec, g/d

 Rice

368.7

292.7

-

423.5

277.4

227.4

-

353.4

207.0

147.0

-

256.0

<0.0001

 Noodles

43.3

26.3

-

70.9

48.1

32.8

-

67.0

43.9

23.3

-

75.5

0.25

 Bread

27.0

15.0

-

54.1

27.3

12.4

-

58.7

27.3

12.8

-

56.5

0.64

 Pulses

58.1

39.7

-

74.7

77.6

57.2

-

108.0

102.2

71.2

-

123.1

<0.0001

 Potatoes

40.4

25.7

-

66.9

50.1

32.0

-

76.4

57.8

40.2

-

97.8

<0.0001

 Confectioneries

65.0

45.8

-

95.7

56.8

39.4

-

79.6

43.1

23.5

-

62.8

<0.0001

 Fruits

65.5

40.2

-

113.8

97.9

65.8

-

142.3

127.6

79.1

-

186.8

<0.0001

 Total vegetables

227.1

172.7

-

288.8

289.8

239.4

-

360.2

404.7

297.0

-

511.0

<0.0001

 Green tea

170.9

41.6

-

380.0

428.3

369.6

-

607.0

562.2

379.6

-

609.4

<0.0001

 Black and oolong tea

9.1

−3.2

-

23.7

14.7

3.0

-

41.0

25.6

5.4

-

117.0

<0.0001

 Coffee

21.3

1.9

-

117.6

59.5

14.0

-

148.5

157.0

105.0

-

365.7

<0.0001

 Soft drinks

7.9

−2.2

-

21.6

7.6

−1.0

-

16.1

4.5

−4.6

-

15.7

0.03

 Fish and shellfish

68.6

49.8

-

83.9

95.7

80.2

-

111.3

142.3

113.5

-

178.0

<0.0001

 Meats

41.5

28.3

-

55.5

57.7

43.5

-

75.4

63.7

43.6

-

83.4

<0.0001

 Eggs

32.1

21.7

-

48.2

37.1

26.3

-

54.6

45.8

29.6

-

65.7

<0.0001

 Dairy products

103.4

37.5

-

153.0

128.9

69.7

-

173.5

155.8

91.2

-

199.0

<0.0001

Nutrient intakec

 Protein, g/d

61.6

56.8

-

64.8

73.1

70.1

-

75.5

86.8

82.1

-

93.4

<0.0001

 Animal protein, g/d

31.6

26.2

-

36.1

42.0

38.9

-

45.4

56.4

50.8

-

61.9

<0.0001

 Plant protein, g/d

29.6

27.7

-

31.6

30.3

28.0

-

33.3

31.1

28.5

-

33.9

<0.0001

 Fat, g/d

44.2

38.9

-

49.9

50.5

45.4

-

55.5

55.0

48.6

-

61.1

<0.0001

 Marine origin n-3 polyunsaturated fatd, g/d

0.80

0.60

-

1.02

1.13

0.92

-

1.37

1.63

1.31

-

2.09

<0.0001

 Carbohydrate, g/d

267

254

-

280

243

230

-

254

219

204

-

234

<0.0001

 Total dietary fiber, g/d

11.7

9.7

-

13.2

13.3

11.9

-

15.3

16.4

14.0

-

19.3

<0.0001

 β-carotene, μg/d

2882

2100

-

3902

3861

2992

-

5242

5246

3948

-

7704

<0.0001

 Vitamin D, μg/d

12.0

8.8

-

14.9

17.9

15.1

-

21.1

28.2

21.4

-

34.9

<0.0001

 Vitamin C, mg/d

104

82

-

132

148

123

-

177

188

158

-

225

<0.0001

 Sodium, mg/d

3872

3427

-

4278

4269

3900

-

4658

4981

4525

-

5465

<0.0001

 Potassium, mg/d

2129

1871

-

2465

2754

2526

-

3051

3564

3194

-

4005

<0.0001

 Calcium, mg/d

476

393

-

562

623

539

-

691

820

708

-

951

<0.0001

 Magnesium, mg/d

219

198

-

236

266

253

-

292

342

312

-

378

<0.0001

 Iron, mg/d

7.0

6.2

-

7.7

8.9

8.1

-

9.6

10.9

9.8

-

12.1

<0.0001

Dietary TACc, mmol TE/d

13.0

10.0

 

15.3

20.1

18.9

 

21.7

27.5

24.9

 

31.8

<0.0001

  1. IQR interquartile range, P1A1 the lowest tertile for both total protein intake and dietary TAC group, P2A2 the intermediate tertile for both total protein intake and dietary TAC group, P3A3 the highest tertile for both total protein intake and dietary TAC group, SD standard deviation, TAC total antioxidant capacity, TE Trolox equivalent
  2. a Values are median and interquartile range
  3. b Values were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test
  4. c Energy-adjustment was performed according to the residual method
  5. d Sum of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid