Diet with a combination of high protein and high total antioxidant capacity is strongly associated with low prevalence of frailty among old Japanese women: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Table 2 Energy and protein intakes and dietary TAC of 2108 old Japanese women categorized by no frailty and frailty^a

	Total (n = 2108)				No frailty^b (n = 1627)				Frailty^b (n = 481)				P ^c
	Median	IQR			Median	IQR			Median	IQR			P ^c
Energy, kcal/d	1693	1396	-	2012	1729	1425	-	2042	1589	1317	-	1905	<0.0001
Total protein, g/d	73.1	65.0	-	81.4	73.6	65.5	-	82.1	70.6	63.4	-	79.4	0.0001
Total protein, % energy	16.7	14.7	-	18.8	16.9	14.9	-	18.9	15.8	14.2	-	18.2	<0.0001
Total protein, g/kg BW/d	1.43	1.22	-	1.67	1.45	1.23	-	1.68	1.40	1.19	-	1.66	0.045
Animal protein, g/d	42.0	33.7	-	51.8	42.7	34.1	-	52.3	39.8	32.9	-	49.6	0.004
Animal protein, % energy	9.5	7.4	-	11.9	9.7	7.6	-	12.0	8.9	7.0	-	11.3	<0.0001
Plant protein, g/d	30.3	27.7	-	33.2	30.3	27.9	-	33.3	29.9	27.1	-	32.8	0.02
Plant protein, % energy	7.0	6.4	-	7.6	7.0	6.4	-	7.6	6.9	6.2	-	7.7	0.10
Dietary TAC, mmol TE/d	20.2	15.7	-	25.0	20.9	16.5	-	26.1	18.2	13.6	-	22.2	<0.0001
Dietary TAC, mmol TE/1000 kcal	11.7	9.0	-	15.1	12.0	9.4	-	15.4	10.7	7.8	-	13.9	<0.0001

BW Body wight, IQR interquartile range, TAC total antioxidant capacity, TE Trolox equivalent
^aValues are medians and interquartile ranges
^bFrailty score (0-5) was defined as the sum of poor physical function (two points), exhaustion (one point), low physical activity (one point), and unintentional weight loss (one point). A score of ≥3 was classified as indicating frailty
^cValues were compared by Mann–Whitney signed-rank test and proportions for categorical values were compared by the chi-square test

ISSN: 1475-2891