| Total (n = 2108) | No frailtyb (n = 1627) | Frailtyb (n = 481) | P c | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median, IQR or n (%) | Median, IQR or n (%) | Median, IQR or n (%) | |||||||||||
Age, years | 74 | 71 | - | 78 | 74 | 70 | - | 77 | 77 | 74 | - | 81 | <0.0001 |
Body height, cm | 150.0 | 147.0 | - | 154.0 | 150.2 | 147.7 | - | 154.0 | 150.0 | 145.0 | - | 153.0 | <0.0001 |
Body weight, kg | 51.0 | 46.0 | - | 56.0 | 51.0 | 46.1 | - | 56.0 | 51.0 | 45.0 | - | 57.0 | 0.71 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.5 | 20.6 | - | 24.7 | 22.4 | 20.5 | - | 24.4 | 22.8 | 20.8 | - | 25.4 | 0.02 |
Residential block, n (%) | 0.38 | ||||||||||||
 Hokkaido and Tohoku | 193 (9.2) | 142 (8.7) | 51 (10.6) |  | |||||||||
 Kanto | 526 (25.0) | 404 (24.8) | 122 (25.4) |  | |||||||||
 Hokuriku and Tokai | 510 (24.2) | 410 (25.2) | 100 (20.8) |  | |||||||||
 Kinki | 262 (12.4) | 199 (12.2) | 63 (13.1) |  | |||||||||
 Chugoku and Shikoku | 342 (16.2) | 265 (16.3) | 77 (16.0) |  | |||||||||
 Kyushu | 275 (13.1) | 207 (12.7) | 68 (14.1) |  | |||||||||
Size of residential area, n (%) | 0.26 | ||||||||||||
 City with a population ≥1 million | 274 (13.0) | 204 (12.5) | 70 (14.6) |  | |||||||||
 City with a population <1 million | 1598 (75.8) | 1247 (76.6) | 351 (73.0) |  | |||||||||
 Town and village | 236 (11.2) | 176 (10.8) | 60 (12.5) |  | |||||||||
Living alone, n (%) | 0.30 | ||||||||||||
 No | 1759 (83.4) | 1365 (83.9) | 394 (81.9) |  | |||||||||
 Yes | 349 (16.6) | 262 (16.1) | 87 (18.1) |  | |||||||||
Marital status, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
 Single | 4 (0.2) | 3 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) |  | |||||||||
 Married | 1275 (60.5) | 1035 (63.6) | 240 (49.9) |  | |||||||||
 Widowed | 777 (36.9) | 546 (33.6) | 231 (48.0) |  | |||||||||
 Separated | 52 (2.5) | 43 (2.6) | 9 (1.9) |  | |||||||||
Education, n (%) | 0.04 | ||||||||||||
  ≤ Junior high school and others | 977 (46.4) | 732 (45.0) | 245 (50.9) |  | |||||||||
 High school | 933 (44.3) | 733 (45.1) | 200 (41.6) |  | |||||||||
  ≥ Some college | 198 (9.4) | 162 (10.0) | 36 (7.5) |  | |||||||||
Current smoking, n (%) | 0.002 | ||||||||||||
 No | 2054 (97.4) | 1595 (98.0) | 459 (95.4) |  | |||||||||
 Yes | 54 (2.6) | 32 (2.0) | 22 (4.6) |  | |||||||||
Alcohol drinking, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
 No | 1695 (80.4) | 1278 (78.6) | 417 (86.7) |  | |||||||||
 Yes | 413 (19.6) | 349 (21.5) | 64 (13.3) |  | |||||||||
Dietary supplement use, n (%) | 0.0002 | ||||||||||||
 No | 1475 (70.0) | 1106 (68.0) | 369 (76.7) |  | |||||||||
 Yes | 633 (30.0) | 521 (32.0) | 112 (23.3) |  | |||||||||
Physical activity, total metabolic equivalents-hours/d | 38.1 | 34.3 | - | 43.2 | 39.6 | 35.9 | Â | 44.1 | 32.9 | 30.9 | Â | 36.4 | <0.0001 |
History of chronic diseased, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
 No | 1059 (50.2) | 864 (53.1) | 195 (40.5) |  | |||||||||
 Yes | 1049 (49.8) | 763 (46.9) | 286 (59.5) |  | |||||||||
Depression symptomse, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
 No | 1617 (76.7) | 1363 (83.8) | 254 (52.8) |  | |||||||||
 Yes | 491 (23.3) | 264 (16.2) | 227 (47.2) |  |