Plasma phospholipid fatty acid profile confirms compliance to a novel saturated fat-reduced, monounsaturated fat-enriched dairy product intervention in adults at moderate cardiovascular risk: a randomized controlled trial

Markey, Oonagh; Vasilopoulou, Dafni; Kliem, Kirsty E.; Koulman, Albert; Fagan, Colette C.; Summerhill, Keith; Wang, Laura Y.; Grandison, Alistair S.; Humphries, David J.; Todd, Susan; Jackson, Kim G.; Givens, David I.; Lovegrove, Julie A.

doi:10.1186/s12937-017-0249-2

Table 4 Plasma phospholipid fatty acids at baseline (week 0) and following diets that incorporated the control and modified dairy products (week 12) in adults at moderate cardiovascular disease risk^a

From: Plasma phospholipid fatty acid profile confirms compliance to a novel saturated fat-reduced, monounsaturated fat-enriched dairy product intervention in adults at moderate cardiovascular risk: a randomized controlled trial

	Control			Modified
mol%	Baseline	Post	Δ	Baseline	Post	Δ	p ^b
SFAs
11:0	0.0000 ± 0.0008	0.0013 ± 0.0008	0.0000 ± 0.0011	0.0000 ± 0.0011	0.0002 ± 0.0000	0.0025 ± 0.0010	0.35
12:0	0.0230 ± 0.0018	0.0242 ± 0.0015	0.0012 ± 0.0019	0.0245 ± 0.0000	0.0225 ± 0.0000	0.0019 ± 0.0016	0.22
13:0	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.16
14:0	0.35 ± 0.01	0.42 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.02	0.35 ± 0.02	0.38 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.01	0.04
15:0	0.23 ± 0.01	0.26 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01	0.02
16:0	30.70 ± 0.16	30.86 ± 0.17	0.16 ± 0.13	30.78 ± 0.13	30.32 ± 0.13	−0.46 ± 0.15	<0.001
17:0	0.39 ± 0.01	0.40 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	0.38 ± 0.01	0.38 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.03
18:0	13.95 ± 0.18	13.67 ± 0.14	−0.29 ± 0.12	14.05 ± 0.12	13.83 ± 0.12	−0.22 ± 0.13	0.33
20:0	0.14 ± 0.00	0.13 ± 0.00	−0.01 ± 0.00	0.13 ± 0.00	0.12 ± 0.00	−0.01 ± 0.00	0.76
21:0	0.0128 ± 0.0037	0.0130 ± 0.0043	0.0001 ± 0.0036	0.0093 ± 0.0000	0.0147 ± 0.0000	0.0054 ± 0.0034	0.62
22:0	0.23 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.01	−0.01 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.69
23:0	0.10 ± 0.00	0.11 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.10 ± 0.00	0.11 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.34
24:0	0.25 ± 0.01	0.25 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.25 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.01	−0.01 ± 0.01	0.85
Total SFA^c	46.37 ± 0.17	46.36 ± 0.13	0.01 ± 0.17	46.52 ± 0.21	45.92 ± 0.15	−0.60 ± 0.21	0.006
MUFAs
18:1 cis-9	9.81 ± 0.15	9.98 ± 0.16	0.17 ± 0.15	9.99 ± 0.15	10.93 ± 0.15	0.93 ± 0.19	<0.0001
18:1 trans-9	0.08 ± 0.00	0.08 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.07 ± 0.00	0.17 ± 0.00	0.10 ± 0.01	<0.0001
22:1 cis-9	0.0202 ± 0.0037	0.0206 ± 0.0030	0.0004 ± 0.0045	0.0182 ± 0.0000	0.0201 ± 0.0000	0.0000 ± 0.0019	0.52
Total cis-MUFA^d	11.02 ± 0.16	11.24 ± 0.17	0.21 ± 0.15	11.21 ± 0.18	12.20 ± 0.23	0.99 ± 0.20	<0.0001
Total trans-MUFA^e	0.12 ± 0.00	0.12 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.10 ± 0.00	0.23 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01	<0.0001
PUFAs
18:2 n-6	22.26 ± 0.42	22.40 ± 0.37	0.14 ± 0.28	22.00 ± 0.28	22.29 ± 0.28	0.30 ± 0.29	0.87
18:3 n-6	0.08 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.51
18:3 n-3	0.31 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.31 ± 0.01	0.29 ± 0.01	−0.02 ± 0.01	0.58
20:3 n-6	3.07 ± 0.08	3.39 ± 0.11	0.32 ± 0.07	3.12 ± 0.07	3.17 ± 0.07	0.06 ± 0.06	0.007
20:4 n-6	9.88 ± 0.27	9.53 ± 0.22	−0.35 ± 0.13	9.77 ± 0.13	9.41 ± 0.13	−0.36 ± 0.21	0.74
20:5 n-3	1.27 ± 0.08	1.25 ± 0.06	−0.02 ± 0.07	1.24 ± 0.07	1.14 ± 0.07	−0.10 ± 0.07	0.14
22:5 n-6	0.20 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	0.17
22:5 n-3	0.99 ± 0.03	1.02 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.02	1.00 ± 0.02	0.95 ± 0.02	−0.05 ± 0.03	0.55
22:6 n-3	3.77 ± 0.16	3.39 ± 0.13	−0.37 ± 0.09	3.79 ± 0.09	3.44 ± 0.09	−0.35 ± 0.10	0.74
Total n-3 PUFA^f	5.35 ± 0.23	4.96 ± 0.17	−0.39 ± 0.14	5.34 ± 0.21	4.87 ± 0.17	−0.47 ± 0.14	0.58
Total n-6 PUFA^g	36.15 ± 0.34	36.30 ± 0.27	0.15 ± 0.26	35.83 ± 0.32	35.86 ± 0.33	0.03 ± 0.33	0.32

Where no bond position is listed it is unknown [40]. 20 : 4n-6 + 20 : 3n-3 co-eluted, but as 20 : 3n-3 concentration in human samples is negligible, this peak was identified as 20 : 4n-6 [43]
^aValues are given as means ± SEM
^bOverall effect of treatment based on change-from-baseline was calculated by mixed model analysis, with adjustments made for fixed effects of baseline values of the assessed variable, period, treatment, age, gender and BMI. Participant was included as a random effect
^cTotal SFAs include: 11 : 0, 12 : 0, 13 : 0, 14 : 0, 15 : 0, 16 : 0, 17 : 0, 18 : 0, 20 : 0, 21 : 0, 22 : 0, 23 : 0 and 24 : 0
^dTotal cis-MUFAs include: 14 : 1cis, 15 : 1cis, 16 : 1cis, 17 : 1cis, 18 : 1cis-9, 20 : 1cis, 22 : 1cis-9 and 24 : 1cis. Where no bond position is listed it is unknown, as previously outlined in Wang et al. [43]
^eTotal trans-MUFAs include: 16 : 1trans (bond position unknown) and 18 : 1trans-9 [43]
^fTotal n-3 PUFAs include: 18 : 3n-3, 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3
^gTotal n-6 PUFAs include: 18 : 2n-6, 18 : 2trans, 18 : 3n-6, 20 : 2, 20 : 3n-6, 20 : 4n-6 + 20:3n-3, 22 : 4 and 22 : 5n-6

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