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Table 2 Pooled relative risk (RR) of hypertension and RR per 100 mg/d increment in dietary magnesium intake

From: Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake, serum magnesium concentration and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

 

Highest versus Lowest dietary magnesium intake

Per 100 mg/day increment in dietary magnesium intake

Number of studies.a

RR(95%CI)

I2 (%)

p for heterogeneity

Number of studies. a

RR(95%CI)

I2 (%)

p for heterogeneity

All studies

8

0.92(0.86,0.98)

0

0.48

7

0.95(0.90,1.00)

39.30

0.13

Location

 

 USA

7

0.92(0.86,0.99)

5.40

0.39

7

0.95(0.90,1.00)

39.30

0.13

 Other area

1

0.83(0.49,1.39)

-

-

0

-

-

-

Gender

 

 Male

2

0.93(0.73,1.19)

0

0.70

2

0.81(0.64,1.03)

0

0.85

 Female

4

0.94(0.82,1.07)

49.40

0.12

4

0.96(0.89,1.03)

62.60

0.05

 Bothb

2

0.86(0.70,1.07)

0

0.87

1

0.96(0.88,1.06)

-

-

Follow-up (year)

 

  ≥ 8

2

0.90(0.83,0.98)

0

0.72

2

0.91(0.86,0.97)

4.40

0.31

  < 8

6

0.94(0.83,1.07)

14.70

0.32

5

0.98(0.92,1.03)

23.90

0.26

Adjusted alcohol

 

 Yes

6

0.92(0.84,1.00)

19.60

0.29

5

0.94(0.89,1.00)

53.00

0.07

 No

2

0.98(0.76,1.27)

0

0.97

2

1.00(0.88,1.14)

0

0.41

Adjusted calcium

 

 Yes

1

0.78(0.62,0.98)

-

-

1

0.90(0.82,0.99)

-

-

 No

7

0.94(0.87,1.00)

0

0.64

6

0.96(0.91,1.02)

40.50

0.14

Adjusted sodium

 

 Yes

2

0.91(0.83,0.99)

0

0.73

1

0.92(0.87,0.97)

-

-

 No

6

0.93(0.83,1.05)

18.30

0.30

6

0.96(0.90,1.03)

34.10

0.18

Adjusted potassium

 

 Yes

2

0.81(0.67,0.98)

0

0.52

2

0.93(0.86,1.00)

0

0.32

 No

6

0.94(0.87,1.01)

0

0.52

5

0.96(0.89,1.03)

52.20

0.08

Adjusted fiber

 

 Yes

3

0.84(0.72,0.97)

0

0.74

3

0.92(0.85,0.99)

6.20

0.35

 No

5

0.94(0.88,1.02)

0

0.44

4

0.97(0.91,1.05)

53.30

0.09

Adjusted diabetes

 

 Yes

2

0.91(0.84,1.00)

0

0.66

2

0.96(0.85,1.09)

50.60

0.16

 No

6

0.92(0.82,1.04)

19.80

0.28

5

0.95(0.89,1.02)

40.40

0.15

Adjusted family history of hypertension

 

 Yes

2

0.93(0.69,1.26)

0

0.59

1

1.06(0.88,1.28)

-

-

 No

6

0.92(0.84,1.01)

19.30

0.29

6

0.94(0.90,1.00)

41.30

0.13

Adjusted education

 

 Yes

2

0.90(0.74,1.10)

0

0.56

2

0.94(0.72,1.22)

67.00

0.08

 No

6

0.93(0.84,1.02)

18.20

0.30

5

0.95(0.90,1.00)

41.50

0.15

Adjusted exercise

 

 Yes

4

0.91(0.84,0.98)

0

0.93

3

0.93(0.84,1.03)

38.70

0.20

 No

4

0.94(0.78,1.12)

45.90

0.14

4

0.97(0.91,1.03)

33.50

0.21

Adjusted cholesterol

 

 Yes

3

0.90(0.83,0.98)

0

0.89

2

0.91(0.86,0.97)

4.40

0.31

 No

5

0.95(0.82,1.10)

28.30

0.23

5

0.98(0.92,1.03)

23.90

0.26

Adjusted saturated fat intake

 

 Yes

3

0.90(0.83,0.98)

0

0.89

2

0.91(0.86,0.97)

4.40

0.31

 No

5

0.95(0.82,1.10)

28.30

0.23

5

0.98(0.92,1.03)

23.90

0.26

Adjusted smoking

 

 Yes

3

0.90(0.83,0.98)

0

0.89

2

0.91(0.86,0.97)

4.40

0.31

 No

5

0.95(0.82,1.10)

28.30

0.23

5

0.98(0.92,1.03)

23.90

0.26

  1. aIf a study reported results involving different populations (male and female) but did not report the overall results, the results for each population were regarded as different studies
  2. b“Both” means that the original study did not report effect estimates by gender separately
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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